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geography > Case Study - Jakarta (topic 3) > Flashcards

Case Study - Jakarta (topic 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Jakarta located?

A

Jakarta is in Indonesia on the island of Java, south east Asia.The Indian Ocean is to the west and the Pacific to the east.

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2
Q

What type of city is Jakarta?

A

Both a world and mega city

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3
Q

Why is Jakarta a world city?

A
  • good infrastructure and transport routes such as the MRT
  • good quality if healthcare and education
  • young working population
  • business activity such as global conferences
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4
Q

What is Jakarta’s population and population density?

A
  • Over 30 million

- 14,000 people/sqkm

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5
Q

What does spatial mean?

A

Relates to geographical space and how it is used

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6
Q

Explain Jakarta’s spatial growth

A

Wetland and open space farmland has been consumed by the expanding city and much is now densely populated. This has lead to an increase in population in the core

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7
Q

Why have rural migrants come to Jakarta?

A

59% come for better paid tertiary jobs
2.8% come for education to improve prospects
35% come for family reasons to avoid remittances
1.6% come for better infrastructure

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8
Q

What is Jakarta’s GDP per capita and GDP growth rate?

A

GDP growth rate = 9.6%

GDP per capita = $4600

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9
Q

What are the economic benefits of Jakarta?

A
  • one of the fastest growing mega cities
  • the tertiary sector adds 60% value to their economy
  • increase in spices and finances for both men and women
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10
Q

What are the environmental facts about Jakarta?

A
  • undeveloped space in Jakarta has decreased by 60% from 1992-2005
  • huge city made of 12 different provinces or regions
  • undergoing huge spatial growth
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11
Q

What are some social benefits of Jakarta?

A
  • 14% have been to university compared to 7% nationally
  • second largest urban population
  • 84% of Jakarta’s growth has been in the suburbs
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12
Q

What are some disadvantages of people coming to Jakarta?

A
  • poor housing
  • overcrowded
  • less access to services
  • pollution
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13
Q

What has urban primacy made Jakarta grow?

A
  • dominates its area

- High growth has encouraged growth in surrounding areas

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14
Q

Why has rural-urban migration made Jakarta grow?

A
  • natural increase in population so larger workforce

- better jobs and services

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15
Q

Why has following family made Jakarta grow?

A
  • many want to follow in the success if their family

- Jakarta’s wealth attracts people

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16
Q

Why had reconstruction of the Indonesian economy made Jakarta grow?

A
  • lead to industrialisation
  • shift towards manufacturing had created jobs
  • Clark-fisher model as she develops she mired from an agrarian economy to one based on manufacturing and trade
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17
Q

How have land issues lead to Jakarta’s growth?

A
  • increasing value of land in the CBD has meant spatial growth outwards
  • small kampungs have reduced by 50% and have been forced outwards
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18
Q

What is it like for Jakarta’s poor?

A
  • informal illegal jobs
  • can’t register for help as can’t afford an ID card
  • poor living conditions
  • half of Indonesia earn less the $2 per day
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19
Q

What is like for Jakarta’s middle class?

A
  • young working population
  • formal tertiary jobs so positive multiplier effect
  • can afford big brands and luxury goods
20
Q

What life like for Jakarta’s upper class?

A
  • over 40 people have private jets
  • many real money from natural resources
  • both men and women thrive
  • private healthcare and good sanitation
21
Q

What are some problems of Jakarta rapid urbanisation?

A
  • poverty and hunger
  • lack of access to clean water
  • large overcrowded slum areas
  • flooding and congestion
  • Air pollution
22
Q

Why does Jakarta get flooding?

A
  • Geographically susceptible as they have low lying surrounding plains
  • heavy monsoon seasons
  • push for industrialisation has increased deforestation on the hills which increases surface run off and decreases infiltration
23
Q

What are the effects if Jakarta’s flooding?

A
  • canals and the city overall need constant maintenance as 1 billion dollars of flood damage over year
  • poor settlements suffer as are often in river banks and gave poor infrastructure
  • 54 deaths per year
24
Q

What are the causes of Jakarta’s increases congestion?

A
  • Limited city transport so increase in cars and a lack of city planning has increase congestion
  • directly proportionate to Jakarta’s urbanisation
25
Q

What are the effects of Jakarta’s congestion?

A
  • most congested city globally
  • increase air pollution has lead to health issues and deaths
  • they lack space to expand as only 6.2% of the city is dedicated to roads
26
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Meeting the needs of the present without jeopardising the past

27
Q

What is the bottom up project of skyhydrate?

A

An ultra fine filter that removes virtually every trade of sediment and harmful pathogens - Producing 10’000 litres per day

28
Q

Why may the sky hydrate projecting be unsuccessful?

A
  • when maintenance is needed the locals must be trained
  • if it breaks it can no longer be used
  • it is initially expensive costing $3,500
29
Q

What are some successes of the sky hydrate?

A
  • produces 10’000 litres of clean water per day
  • costs almost nothing to run
  • uterlises the pressure of gravity
30
Q

What is the top down project in Jakarta?

A

Ciliwung River Normalisation Programme

  • Plans to reduce problems introduced by flooding by widening the river from 20m to 50m
  • relocation of riverbank communities
  • 7.5m river access to help dredge if needed
31
Q

What are some successes of the Ciliwung River Normalisation Programme?

A
  • formal jobs in in newer, safer areas shows there is a way out of poverty but also creates a positive multiplier effect
  • living standards improve
  • shows government concern
  • benefits the city as a whole
32
Q

What are some failures of the ciliwung River Normalisation Programme?

A
  • forced relocation takes away freedom and independence
  • takes away social privileges as breaks up communities meaning Jakarta would be less integrated with less diversity
  • more expensive rents may be unsustainable
  • could lead to the government being biased towards the needs of the city as a whole rathe then the smaller communities
33
Q

Why are their variations in wealth?

A
  • varied access to services such as education and healthcare
  • someone’s background as if they are born into a rich family they are more likely to have attended school and have a desire to work
34
Q

Why might urban primacy be a problem for developing countries?

A
  • economic growth is concentrated leading to extreme inequalities of wealth
  • political power becomes focussed in the city and so is biased towards the needs of the city rathe the the country as a whole
35
Q

Why is growth concentrated at the rural to urban fringe?

A

Land is cheaper at the rural-urban fringe as it is more prone
to landslides and natural disasters
People are too poor to afford to live in the CBD/more central
area, so the access to the CBD/more central area is more
problematic

36
Q

What are the trends in Jakarta’s Gini coefficient?

A

It has risen from 0.3 in 2000 to 0.4 in 2015 and is reflected by how QOL varies across the city

37
Q

Why does quality if life vary so much across Indonesia?

A

Cycle of poverty creates inequality in opportunity and health
Corruption and tax evasion
Transport infrastructure so people are affected by long commutes

38
Q

What is the aim of the elevated road network?

A

Top down approach that tackles congestion and the fact Indonesia has no space to expand on the ground

39
Q

What are the advantages if the elevated road network?

A
  • Reduces congestion by increasing flow

- decreases air pollution

40
Q

What are some disadvantages of the elevated road network?

A
  • extremely expensive
  • must be earthquake proof
  • may encourage further traffic as there is now less congestion
41
Q

What is the top down approach to air quality?

A

Reducing air pollution by trying to establish cleaner fuel use in cars and have a car free day

42
Q

What are some disadvantages of tackling air quality?

A
  • Conflict from petrol stations
  • cleaner fuel is more expensive
  • hard to enforce to everyone originally
43
Q

What is Site?

A

The actual location of a settlement in relation to physical characteristics of the landscape

44
Q

What is situation?

A

The location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places

45
Q

Why is land concentrated at the rural-urban fringe?

A

Land is cheaper at the rural-urban fringe as it is more prone
to landslides and natural disasters
People are too poor to afford to live in the CBD/more central
area

geography (13 decks)

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