CONSTRUCTION FEATURES Flashcards
OLT…BUILT before 1901
-class 3 nap (brick walls, wood floor beams, wood floors)
-TWO means of egress/USUALLY interior stairway and fire escape
-1934-most buildings required to fire retard stairs
-stairway to cellar INSIDE building, usually beneath stairway
2-4 apts per floor
OLT —4 windows per floor and NO front fire escape indicates?
- RAILROAD flats front to rear with REAR FIRE ESCAPE
- 2 apts per floor
OLT–4 windows per floor AND FRONT fire escape..indicates?
–3 or 4 apts per floor with fire escape in the rear
OLT—ever dangerous exception…
-railroad flats with FRONT fire escape and NO rear fire escape…communicate this to IC
New Law Tenement…1901-1916..
- 7 stories high
- 5-6 apts per floor (larger than OLT)
- first floor (cellar ceiling) is FIRE PROOF and UNPEIRCED
- entrance to cellar by way of EXTERIOR STAIRS
- interior stairs are FIREPROOF/apt door FIRE RESISTANT
- interior walls are fire stopped EACH story
- steel “I” beams introduced to carry floor joists
NLT…(1916-1929)..
FIREWALLS
CUT/234
1916-1929–CEILING top floor
1930-1940-Underside of roof board
1940-beyond-TOP of roof boards
- much larger floor area..150x200
- floor areas broken up into 2500 sq ft or less…between some apts there are brick or fireproof partitions limiting horizontal fire spread…these walls go as high as CEILING of TOP FLOOR–results in UNDIVIDED COCKLOFT, where fire can spread often
- unprotected steel beams support wood floor joists, these beams are supported by vertical steel columns
- dumbwaiter shafts–most cases serve 2 apartments , terminate on roof in bulkhead with a skylight on top
- some have elevators
- entrance to basement via side or rear door, accessed via an exterior stair from the first floor, or through passageway located in front of building.
NFP MULTIP DWELLINGS on or after 1929…
NON FIRE PROOF MUTLIPLE DWELLINGS (not housing projects –these are fireproof )
–APARTMENT HOUSES
-1930-1940–firewalls carried to underside of the roof boards
after 1940–top of roof boards(reduce size of cockloft)
-size of area enclosed be firewalls is 3,000 sq ft
-long hallways
-not unusual to find NFP 7-9 stories high with NO STANDPIPE
-fire escapes are common
-may have garages below
FIREPROOF MULTIPLE DWELLINGS (including HOUSING PROJECTS)…
- low rise or high rise of varying height
- irregularly shaped
- well constructed and maintained
- RARELY exposure problems
- rapid fire development and EXTENSIVE smoke on fire floor and above
- apts may served by 2 remote , fire proof stairways
- first floor may contain large stores, supermarkets, etc.
- cellar /basement may contain–laundry, parking , stock areas, incinerator ..loading docks
auto exposure..
extension of fire via the exterior building from a fire originating in the SAME BUILDING
BEARING WALL..
wall of a building carrying any load OTHER THAN ITS OWN WEIGHT
COFFIN CUT..
cut made resembling a rectangle ….generally, cut is made PERPENDICULAR to supporting beams below, to vent or expose as many bays as possible
EEW..energy efficient windows..
designed to maintain an airtight insulation, and will contain more that one pane of glass with an air tight space in between
KNOCK down..
to have visible flame under control without complete extinguishment
PARTY WALL BALCONY..
emergency means of egress from a building which will afford lateral access to an ADJOINING building or apartment separated by FIRE WALL..they do not have ladders to ascend or descend from floor to floor or roof
VEIS ..
VENT/ENTRY/ISOLATE/SEARCH
-the priority upon entering the area via window is to CLOSE THE DOOR to that room or area in order to isolate act area b being searched from the fire area
