Construction Flashcards
The natural or artificial movement of water from a given area. The site must have proper ______and be properly graded so that Rainwater is directed away from the property.
Drainage
If the shape of the lot prohibits proper placement of the well and septic area, the building payment may not be issued to commence construction.
Distance between well and septic
Improving property Orlando by adding plantings, trees, bushes, etc.
Landscaping
The amount of shade property receives depending on how the structure is situated on it.
Shading
The fair housing act sets a minimum standard for ______Buildings must be accessible by those with disabilities. Also certain neighborhoods may require specific types of _____.
Walkways
- Basic structure on which the rest of the house sits.
- Either concrete slab, peer and beams, crawlspace, or basement.
- _____ walls support the structure. Typically made of poured concrete, concrete block, or brick.
Foundation
The underground base, usually concrete, that supports the foundation. Local building codes dictate how _____ must be built.
Footers
The basic loadbearing skeleton of a structure.
Framing
Commonly used type of framing in which the house or building is constructed one-story at a time.
Platform
Type of framing with long studs going up the entire length of the house
Balloon
Long piece of wood, metal, concrete, etc.
Beams
Vertical been used to frame a structure
Studs
Long, horizontal beams of wood or steel that span the piers of the foundation or loadbearing walls of the roof.
Joists
Steel support columns filled with concrete; used for interior
Lally columns
Bottom piece of the frame that is anchored horizontally to the foundation and provides a nailing surface for the floor or wall system; first layer of wood that starts construction of the house.
Sill plate
A sloped support beam that follows the pitch of the roof and holds the outer covering
A roof rafter
Horizontal beam at the top of the roof
Rafters
The slope of the roof; it’s vertical rise in inches, divided by the horizontal span in feet.
Pitch
The lowest section of the roof that projects the on the side walls
Eave
The underside of an arch, being, overhang, or eave. It is often ventilated to provide airflow to the attic.
Soffit
The panel or board facing the outer edge of the soffit
Fascia
Structural covering placed over a building frame’s exterior wall studs or roof rafters.
Sheathing
Often made of vinyl, wood, steel, or aluminum, added to the exterior walls.
Siding
Items hidden by finished walls, but that are vital to the operation of the house.
Rough-ins
Gypsum plaster sandwiched between two layers of coarse paper. Also called drywall, plasterboard, or sheet rock.
Wall board
A way to measure the insulating resistance to heat flow through the material or object.
R-Factor
_____ Is R-factor multiplied by the amount of material. The more effective the insulation, the higher its_____ .
R-value
Made from mineral fiber such as fiberglass, enclosed in paper covering. Often comes in a premeasured width to pair with standard stud, joist, or rafter spacing.
Blanket insulation
Starts as a liquid, but expand into a plastic salad. Works well for insulating irregularly spaced shapes.
Foamed-in insulation
Made of fiber pellets or lose fibers. Good at fitting small, tight areas. Is blown into an area, often the attic.
Loose-fill or blown in insulation
Made of a fibrous material such as fiberglass of polyurethane. Commonly used on basement walls and comes in a variety of thickness.
Rigid insulation
Has a reflective surface that either contains or resists heat to keep the space warm or cool. Used between rafters, joists, or stud walls.
Reflective insulation
This system consist of a boiler, pipes, and convections or radiators. It relies on the process of heating and cooling of liquid to heat at home.
Hot water
This system needs a boiler, pipes, and convector or radiators. _____ is produced in the boiler and moves through the pipes to convectors or radiators that release_____ into the room. Often found in older buildings.
Steam
Most commonly used today, this system includes a furnace with a blower, heat source (ie, gas, oil, electricity), distribution ducts and return air ducts.
Forced warm air
Relies on the windows and natural airflow through cracks in the building for ventilation
Natural ventilation
Uses bathroom and kitchen exhaust fans
Spot or source point ventilation
Requires the use of two fans: one to remove moist and polluted air and a second to replace the air being vented with fresh air.
Balanced ventilation
Uses an exhaust fan to remove it from the property. An equal amount of fresh air enters either by way of intentional openings or through random holes in the structure.
Exhaust ventilation
Uses either a supply fan or a forced-air heating/cooling fan to deliver fresh air and, in some cases, pressurize the property.
Supply ventilation
It’s components include, the condenser, condenser fan, compressor, evaporator and blower, and liquid refrigerant.
Air-conditioning
Is used to measure heating capacity, to determine the appropriate size of the furnace or air conditioner needed, knowing how many_____ the house loses per hour is essential.
British thermal unit (BTU)
Requires a system of pipes for water supply and drainage. The piping includes cold water lines, hot water lines, and waste water lines (sewer lines). Gas lines are often included as part of the _____ system.
Pipe size of affects water pressure. Building codes offer standard for maximum and minimum water pressure.
Plumbing
- cast-iron
- galvanized
- copper
- brass
- PVD
- PEX
Types of typing
These do not retain water in the traditional tank. Instead, the heating coil is installed in the boiler or furnace through which the water flows. These are more energy efficient since they do not heat water continuously, only when hot water is needed.
Tankless water heaters
This is an underground power supply line
Service lateral
The aboveground wirelines going from the service pole to a building.
Service drop
The measurement of force that pushes electricity through a wire.
Voltage
Is the amount of electricity going through a wire measured in amps.
Amperage
Specially grounded outlets which turns power off at the outlet instantly if the device or appliance plug into gets wet, shorts out, or malfunctions.
Ground fault interrupters GFI
Two measurements for power consumption
Watts or kilowatts
Device usually located in side the electrical breaker panel or circuit breaker box, designed to break it’s electrical connection should an overload occur.
Circuit breaker
Protective devices for wiring system that contain a wire designed to melt and open the circuit when overheating occurs.
Fuses
Type of armored cable, which is a grouping of wires wrapped in the metallic covering.
BX cable
Cable wrapped in plastic that contains two or more conductors; is relatively easy to install and cost-effective.
Romex
Electric wiring enclosed in a metal or plastic pipe, can be flexible or rigid
Conduit
Type of flexible conduit; not designed to be used in wet areas.
Greenfield
Is connected to the ground for safety, limiting voltage build up and providing an alternate route for electrical current flow.
Grounded circuit
Have one larger slot then the other so items can be plugged in only one way. One slot is hot/live the other side is neutral. By limiting the path of the electrical current, the risk of electrocution is reduced.
Polarized outlets
This law indicates that home-improvement contracts exceeding $500 should contain:
- approximate work dates begin/end
- description of the work to be performed
- notice to the owner from the contractor about mechanical liens
- notice to owner that owner has to midnight of third business day after the contract has been signed cancel contract
New York general business law 36A-B
This law provides information on laws governing a new home and warranties include:
- One year for workmanship
- to use for mechanical systems, such as plumbing, and electrical heating/ventilation/air conditioning/
- six years for material defects
New York’s general business law 36-B
Under This law a home-improvement also provides information on penalty for fraud including:
An owner who signed a contract with fraudulent terms or statements may sue a contractor for a penalty of $500 plus attorneys fees in addition to other damages.
The General business law 36-A
Deepest earth that the ground freezes in winter
Freeze line
The rate at which water moves through soil
Percolation rate
Shows the proposed layout of the property site, including the buildings position.
Plot plan
Added to cover joints where two or more types of materials join together for the purpose of preventing water from penetrating the joint i.e. metal over the seam between the brick and chimney and shingle roof.
Flashing
Concrete foundation built correctly on the ground
Slab -on-grade construction
This type of construction allows for higher heights and wider rooms.
Post and beam construction
Walls that carry the load for the roof, ceiling, and or floors.
Bearing walls
These pieces of wood are used to keep support when a openings like doors and windows are installed:
Headers
These beams provide additional support for roof and ceiling
Fitch Beams
