Construal Flashcards
What is Social Psychology?
Requires the application about what is known about how the human mind works
Requires the application about what is known about how social groups function.
Dealing effectively with nearly all of the most pressing problems facing the world today requires an understanding of social psychology.
Social psychology goes beyond folk wisdom and try to establish a scientific basis for understanding human behavior.
Social psychology can be defined as the scientific study of the feelings, thoughts and behaviors of individuals in social situations
Tight vs. loose cultures
Tight cultures have strong social norms and little tolerance for deviance
Loose cultures have weak social norms and are highly permissive.
Norms are tight when people tend to follow others without question and loose cultures are the opposite.
What is The Milgram Experiment?
To see how likely people are to follow orders.
There was a “teacher” and a “learner” and the authoroties were testing the “teacher” secretly but the “teacher” thought they were experimenting on the “student” (“student” being a consolidate without the volunteer “teacher”’s knowledge)
Every time the “student” would get a question wrong, the “teacher” was told to shock the “student” with the voltage increasing everytime he got a question wrong. The “student” would beg him to stop but the authorities would tell him to keep going
This was to test if the volunteer (the”teacher”) would keep shocking the “student” when he was begged to stop but the authorities told him to keep going.
What did the Seminarians as Samaritans experiment prove?
This experiment was to test if people would stop to help someone in need even if they were in a rush or not.
This proved that there was not much of a correlation between the religion and how nice one was to the person in need.
Fundamental Attribution Error
The failure to recognize the importance of situational influences of behaviours along the corresponding tendency to overemphasize the importance of dispositions on behaviour.
People are governed by situational factors more than they believe (ex. if they are in a rush or being pressured by someone)
Internal factors have less influence (the type of person you are)
What are disposition?
Internal factors such as beliefs, values, personality traits and abilities that guide a person’s behaviour.
What is the Nudge concept?
Circumstances can guide behaviour in a particular direction by making it easier to follow one path rather than another.
What is construal?
it refers to how we interpret situations and behaviours and how we make inferences, often non-conscious, about the context and people we are encountering.
What are schemas?
Generalized knowledge about the physical and social world, such as what kinds of behaviours to expect when dealing with - (i.e.) the religious leader, a sales clerk, a professor, a police officer - and how to behave (i.e.) in a seminar, or at a funeral, or at McDonald’s
What are stereotypes?
Schemas that we have for people of various kinds.
We tend to judge individuals based on particular schemas (we have stereotypes for things like sororities, nationalities, gender…)
What are conscious processes?
They are generally slow and can run only one step at a time.
What are automatic processes?
Typically much faster and can operate in parallel
We are not conscious of many of the stimuli that influences us and we are not fully aware of the cognitive processes that guide our judgments and behaviours.
What is natural selection?
An evolutionary process that molds animals and plants so that traits that enhance the probability of survival and reproduction are passed on to subsequent generations.
What is naturalistic fallacy?
The claim that the way things are is the way they should be
What are independent/individualistic cultures?
Some people having control over their lives and want to achieve personal success or that the same rules should be applied to everyone
Those people tend to be found in particular parts of the world like Western Europe and many of the present and former nations of the British Commonwealth including the United States, Canada and Australia
