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bpk 205 > Constituents of blood > Flashcards

Constituents of blood Flashcards

1
Q

what percent of our body is blood

A

7% of total body weight
5L (70kg male)
4L (58kg female)

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2
Q

what type of tissue is blood

A

connective

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3
Q

composition of blood

A

watery extracellular matrix (plasma ) 1/4 of body’s ECF

cellular elements: RBCs (erythrocytes), WBCs (leukocytes), platelets (thrombocytes)

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4
Q

Red blood cells

A

gas transport
- contain hemoglobin, drop off O2 at tissues
- biconcave and bendy
- no nucleus or mitochondria

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5
Q

main job of wbc

A

immune system

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6
Q

main job of platelets

A

prevent blood loss, clotting and hemostasis

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7
Q

buffy layer

A

platelets and which cells between plasma and rbcs

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8
Q

purpose of centrifugation

A

blood components can be seperated

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9
Q

hematopoesis

A

synthesis of blood cells, happens in bone marrow

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10
Q

Where does hematopoesis happen in adults

A

in bone marrow of pelvis, spine, ribs, cranial and proximal (closest to torso) ends of long bones

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11
Q

what percent of developing cells become rbcs and wbcs

A

25% RBCs
75% WBCs

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12
Q

life span of rbcs

A

120 days

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13
Q

life span of WBCs

A

6-12 hours

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14
Q

pluripotent hematopletic stem cells

A

undifferentiated precursors

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15
Q

megakaryocyte

A

gives rise to platelets

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16
Q

cytokines

A

control production and development of blood cells

proteins released from one cell affect the activity of another

types: erythropoletin and thrombopoietin

17
Q

erythropoletin

A

made in the kidneys in response to decreased oxygen, influences growth of RBCs (working on bone marrow)

18
Q

thrombopoletin

A

made in the liver, influences growth and differentiation of megakaryocytes

19
Q

hypoxia

A

low oxygen levels in arterial blood

sensed by kidney cells which make erythropoletin which acts on progenitor cells in bone marrow to stimulate erythropolesis

result: increase number of RBC and increase oxygen capability in the blood

20
Q

composition of hemoglobin

A
  • made of four protein chains each centered around a heme group. Two alpha and two beta chains
  • each heme group has a porphyrin ring with an iron atom in center
  • O2 binds weakly to Fe
21
Q

anemia

A
  • low RBC count
  • decreased hemoglobin content and reduced O2 carrying capacity of blood
22
Q

accelerated rbc loss

A
  • blood loss
  • hemolytic anemia, busted blood
  • RBC degradation > production
  • genetic (sickle cell anemia) - protects against malaria
  • aquired (malaria) - caused by a pathogen that infects and destroys blood cells
23
Q

decreased RBC production

A
  • aplastic anemia - lost ability to make new rbcs. drugs or radiation
  • dietary insufficiencies
  • iron, folic acid and vit b12 deficiencies
24
Q

hemorrhage

A

loss of blood from vessels

25
Q

hemostasis

A

keeping blood inside blood vessels
- want to keep this

26
Q

steps to prevent blood loss

A
  1. vasoconstriction
  2. platelet plug formation
  3. Coagulation (formation of a clot)
  4. dissolution of clot (fibrinolysis)
27
Q

vasoconstriction (to stop bleeding)

A

paracrine signals from endothelium
decreases blood flow and pressure in vessels

28
Q

formation of a platelet plug

A
  • edges of megakaryocyte break of to form cell fragments called platelets
  • positive feedback, helps while more complex stuff happens
    1. exposed collagen bends and activated platelets
    2 release of platelet factors
    3. factors attract more platelets
    4. platelets aggregate into platelet plug
    5. plug then converts into a fibrous clot via coagulation cascade

platelets will stick to collagen, the vessel wall contains collagen

29
Q

fibrinolysis

A

tissue is repaired and clot dissolves due to actions of enzyme plasmin (responsible for breakdown)

30
Q

blood type refers to..

A

the antigen express in RBCs

31
Q

what happens when you are given the wrong blood type

A

agglutinate (clump)

32
Q

AB (Rh+)

A

universal acceptor; no plasma antibodies

33
Q

O (Rh-)

A

universal donar, no membrane antigens

34
Q

Rh factor during pregnancy

A
  1. Rh+ father
  2. Rh- mother carrying her first Rh+ fetus. Rh antigens from the developing fetus can enter the mother’s blood during delivery
  3. In response to the fetal Rh antigens, the mother will produce anti-Rh antibodies
  4. If the woman becomes pregnant with another Rh+ fetus, her anti-Rh antibodies will cross the placenta and damage fetal red blood cells

hemolytic disease of newborn

35
Q

how to prevent Rh factor

A

inject mother with anti-Rh antibodies before birth of first born

attacks contaminating Rh+ fetal blood before mother can develop her own immune response

bpk 205 (14 decks)

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