Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History A Level - Italy > Consent and Control - Fascist State > Flashcards

Consent and Control - Fascist State Flashcards

1
Q

What powers did Mussolini have by 1925 to show he was a dictator

A
  • Make laws by decree
  • Parliament had no power and no political opposition
  • OVRA Secret Police
  • Press Censorship
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When was the Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista formed?

A
  • December 1921 for boys between 14-17 years old
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When was the Gruppi Universitari Fascisti set up (GUF)? What was created following this?

A
  • March 1923

- Followed by the balilla for children aged between 8 and 14 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many children were in Fascist Youth Associations by 1924?

A

3,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was the Opera Nazionale Balilla founded? (ONB)

A
  • 3rd April 1926
  • Provide youth with ‘physical and moral benefit’
  • Education of boys between 8 and 18 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was the Ballila restructured and what to?

A

1934

  • Figli della Lupa (Son of She Wolf) 6-8 years
  • Ballila for 8-14 years
  • Avanguardisti for 14-17 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were fascist youth movements for girls?

A
  • Figlie della Lupa (Daughters of the She Wolf) 6-8 years
  • Piccole Italiane (Little Italians) 8-13 years
  • Giovane Italiane (Young Italian Women) 14-17 years
    Organisations were controlled under Ministry of Education (1929)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How was the ONB linked to education?

A
  • Was compulsory for boys and girls at elementary schools from age 6-11 years old
  • Membership was not compulsory over the age of 11 until 1939
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why might people still want their kids to be part of the ONB despite it not being compulsory until 1939?

A
  • Made it difficult to enter further education
  • Barred employment in the civil service
  • Suspect of anti-fascism
  • ONB provided jobs and special scholarships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What youth programmes other than the fascist ones remained?

A

Catholic Youth Programmes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How were boys trained in these youth programmes?

A
  • 8-14 moral and spiritual defence of the country
  • 14, special gymnastics and physical training to prepare them for the army
  • 18, able-bodied would be military trained
  • Told to swore to Mussolini as that was the best Balilla
  • Marching, wrestling, shooting practic, boxing and bomb throwing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How were girls trained in these youth programmes?

A
  • Gymnastics to ensure they were healthy and fit mothers who could bear children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were children taught at schools under the Fascists?

A
  • Lots of patriotic Italians from classical Rome linked to Fascism and linked Caesar to Mussolini
  • About poor treatment of WW1 soldiers and Fascism saving from communism
  • 101/317 History Textbooks banned in 1926 due to lack of patriotism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What changes were made to teachers? (2 Key ones in 1931)

A
  • Anti-fascist teachers removes 1920’s - 1933 (must be PNF members)
  • Only employed teachers who got their diploma after 1923
  • Teachers had to take an oath of loyalty to Lateran Pacts (11/1250 refused)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the GUF’s main goal?

A
  • To run the Littoriali, national student games involving cultural and debate competitions with fascist themes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why might uni students want to join the GUF?

A
  • Enhanced Career Prospects
  • Use of sport facilities
  • Half-price entertainment
  • Part exemption from military service
17
Q

How many members did fascist youth organisations have by 1937?

A

7 Million

18
Q

How did young people in the rural south find the youth organisations, include girls too?

A
  • Rural south, many stopped education at 11, due to agricultural work
  • Girls less likely to continue over 11, boys found more enjoyment in their activities, girls were just being prepared for motherhood
19
Q

What did the 1937 survey conducted by the PNF in Rome show?

A
  • Girls were more interested in the type of sports activities given to the boys
20
Q

When was the OND set up and what was it?

A

1925, Provided ordinary people with:

  • Social events, bars, billiard halls, cycling groups, football teams, libraries and radios
  • Plays, concerts and popular films
  • Subsidised holidays and excursions
21
Q

What % of workers were ONB members and how did their membership grow from 1926 –> 1939?

A
  • 80% of all state and private sector workers
  • 40% of Industrial workers
  • 300,000 1926 –> 4 million 1939
22
Q

When was Press Censorship formally introduced?

A

Press Law December 1925 and end of 1926

- Prefects could confiscate anything anti-fascist

23
Q

What was the circulation of newspapers then?

A
  • Popolo d’Italia only 100,000
  • Corriere della Sera and Vatican Newspaper 600,000
  • Osservatore Romano 250,000
  • La Stampa banned
  • Only 10% of newspapers were fascist
24
Q

What event in 1937 linked fascism to Ancient Rome?

A
  • 2,000th anniversary of Augustus Caesar

- 1 million people visited the exhibition set up

25
Q

What sporting events did Italy win?

A
  • 1934 and 38, football World Cup

- 1933 - 35, Primo Carnera boxing champion

26
Q

What was the Minculpop?

A
  • Originally Ministry of Press 1935
  • Renamed Ministry of Popular Culture 1937
  • Strict censorship of newspapers, radio, film, theatre and foreign publication
27
Q

How many pictures of Mussolini were circulated? What did he not include in any publications?

A
  • 30 million pictures in 2,500 different poses
  • He was imaged as attractive to the opposite sex
  • Also imaged as a family man (appeal to everyone)
  • He never mentioned his age or that he wore glasses
28
Q

Was the Cult of Il Duce a success?

A
  • If the goal was to create a militaristic society, then it failed
  • It focused on worship of one leader, perhaps unsustained after his death
29
Q

When was The National Institute of Fascist Culture created and what was it?

A

1926

- Artists and intellectuals organised into particular associations, e.g artists led by Antonio Maraini

30
Q

What was the:

  • Experimental Centre of Cinematography
  • General Directorate for Cinema
A
  • (ECC) trained 100 students a year in Rome 1935, renowned Michelangelo Antonioni
  • (GDC) regulates cinema and film in line with Fascist ideology
31
Q

What organisation did artists have to be a part of?

A

Syndicate of professionals and artists

32
Q

What did the film industry developed in the 30’s get named?

A

Film City

33
Q

When was the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution held and what was displayed?

A

1932 - celebrate a decade of rule of the fascists

  • 4 million people visited
  • Commissioned artists to show art that represented achievement
  • Style of art was never really disputed, just as long as it glorified fascism

History A Level - Italy (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions