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Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Awareness of what is going on around and within at any given moment.

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2
Q

Waking Consciousness

A

State with clear and organized thoughts, feelings, and sensations; person feels alert.

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3
Q

Altered State of Consciousness

A

Shift in quality or pattern of mental activity compared to waking consciousness.

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4
Q

Freudian Theory of the Mind

A

The human mind is like to an iceberg; only a small part is conscious.

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5
Q

Conscious Mind

A

Contains thoughts and feelings currently in awareness.

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6
Q

Preconscious Mind

A

Material that can be brought into consciousness with focus.

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7
Q

Unconscious Mind

A

Contains impulses and wishes in the id, inaccessible to conscious awareness.

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8
Q

Id

A

Operates in the unconscious; houses basic impulses and desires.

Primal Desires
Pleasure Principles

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9
Q

Superego

A

Operates at all levels of consciousness; represents moral standards.

Moral Principles

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9
Q

Ego

A

Operates at all levels of consciousness; mediates between id, superego, and reality.

Rational, Realistic Part

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10
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Psychological strategies used to cope with anxiety and protect the ego.

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11
Q

Repression

A

Unconsciously blocking unpleasant thoughts or feelings from awareness.

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12
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to accept reality or facts, acting as if a painful event or thought does not exist.

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13
Q

Projection

A

Attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others.

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14
Q

Displacement

A

Redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one.

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15
Q

Regression

A

Returning to behaviors characteristic of an earlier stage of development in response to stress.

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16
Q

Rationalization

A

Creating logical excuses for illogical or emotional behavior.

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17
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

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18
Q

Intellectualization

A

Focusing on the intellectual aspects of a situation while ignoring the emotional aspects.

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19
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Expressing the opposite of one’s true feelings to hide anxiety-provoking emotions.

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20
Q

Necessity of Sleep

A

Essential for overall health, including mental health.

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21
Q

Physiological Restoration

A

Sleep facilitates physical recovery and restoration of the body.

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22
Q

Cognitive Processing

A

Aids in mental organization, integration of experiences, and memory function.

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23
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

A 24-hour cycle of bodily rhythms, regulating sleep and wakefulness.

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24
Hypothalamus
Tiny section of the brain that influences the glandular system.
25
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
Located deep within the hypothalamus; acts as the internal clock.
26
Sleep Regulation
SCN determines when to wake up and when to fall asleep.
27
Melatonin Secretion
Hypothalamus signals the pineal gland to secrete melatonin.
28
Melatonin
Hormone that induces feelings of sleepiness.
29
Microsleeps
Brief episodes of sleep lasting only a few seconds.
30
Sleep Deprivation
Significant loss of sleep leading to irritability and concentration issues.
31
Cognitive Impairments from Sleep Deprivation
Affects memory and organization of dreams and experiences.
32
Restorative Theory
Proposes sleep is essential for physical health, replenishing chemicals and repairing cellular damage.
33
Adaptive Theory
Suggests sleep patterns evolved to avoid predators by sleeping when they are most active.
34
Night Owl Genetic Coding
Some evidence supports evolutionary functions for night owl sleep patterns.
35
Rapid Eye Movement (REM)
-Eyes move rapidly under eyelids. -Typically associated with dreaming.
36
NREM (Non-REM) Sleep
Any stage of sleep that does not include REM.
37
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
Measures brain wave activity during sleep stages.
38
Beta Waves
Conscious, fully awake
39
Alpha Waves
Indicate relaxation or very very very light sleep.
40
Theta Waves
Associated with early stages of sleep.
41
Delta Waves
Long, slow waves indicating the deepest stage of sleep.
42
N1 (Stage 1)
Early stage/light sleep characterized by theta waves. May experience: -Hypnagogic images (hallucinations or vivid visual events). -Hypnic jerk (sudden jerks of knees, legs, or whole body).
43
N2 (Stage 2)
Characterized by sleep spindles (brief bursts of brain activity lasting a second or two).
44
N3 (Stage 3 and 4)
-Deepest stage of sleep characterized by delta waves (50% or more). -Body functions at the lowest level. -Time of growth and physical restoration.
45
REM Sleep
-Known as paradoxical sleep due to high levels of brain activity. -If woken during REM sleep, sleepers almost always report dreaming.
46
REM Rebound
Refers to increased amounts of REM sleep following deprivation of REM sleep on earlier nights.
47
Hypnagogic Hallucination
Occurs when entering N1 sleep.
48
Hypnopompic Hallucination
Occurs between REM sleep (when voluntary muscles are paralyzed) and the transition to full wakefulness.
49
Nightmares
Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep.
50
REM Behavior Disorder
Mechanism that blocks the movement of voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around or act out nightmares.
51
Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)
-Episode of moving around or walking during sleep, occurring in deep sleep. -More common among children than adults.
52
Night Terrors
-Experience of extreme fear, screaming, or running around during deep sleep. -The person does not wake fully; relatively rare disorder.
52
Sleep Apnea
Disorder where the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more, occurring hundreds of times during a night’s sleep.
53
Insomnia
Inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or achieve good quality of sleep.
54
Narcolepsy
-Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning. -Cataplexy: Sudden loss of muscle tone.
55
Freud's Theory of Dreams
Dreams are seen as wish fulfillment.
56
Manifest Content
The dream itself; the explicit content that is recalled upon waking. The dreams story line. The literal.
57
Latent Content
The true, hidden meaning of a dream; the underlying thoughts and desires.
58
Interpretation of Symbols
Reveals subconscious desires and meanings behind the dream.
59
Psychoactive Drugs
Drugs that alter thinking, perception, and memory.
60
Psychological Dependence (DRUGS)
The feeling and/or belief that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being.
61
Physical Dependence (Physiological) [DRUGS]
Tolerance: More and more of the drug is needed to achieve the same effect. Withdrawal: Physical symptoms resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body, which can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure.
61
Cocaine
A natural drug that produces euphoria, energy, power, and pleasure.
62
Stimulants
Increase the functioning of the nervous system.
62
Nicotine
The active ingredient in tobacco.
63
Amphetamines
Stimulant Synthesized in labs; not found in nature. Used to treat ADHD
64
Depressants
Decrease nervous system functioning.
65
Barbiturates
Have a sedative effect.
66
Benzodiazepine
Lower anxiety and reduce stress.
66
Rohypnol
Known as the "date rape" drug.
67
CNS Depressant (Alcohol)
Often mistaken for a stimulant; alcohol is actually a central nervous system depressant.
67
Effects on Executive Functioning (Alcohol)
Depresses executive functioning, leading to disinhibited behaviors.
68
Narcotics
Opium-related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain.
69
Mechanism of Action (Narcotics)
Bind to and stimulate the nervous system’s natural receptor sites for endorphins.
70
Opium
Made from the opium poppy; all narcotic drugs are derived from opium.
71
Morphine
Used to treat severe pain.
72
Fentanyl
A synthetic opioid that is 80-100 times stronger than morphine.
72
Effects of Fentanyl
Produces a short, intense high and feelings of euphoria. Slows respiration and reduces blood pressure (BP).
73
Pharmaceutical Fentanyl
Developed for pain management in cancer patients. Administered through a patch applied to the skin.
73
Heroin
Extremely addictive narcotic.
74
Hallucinogens
Psychogenic drugs that produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication. Cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality.
74
Fentanyl Diversion
Fentanyl is often diverted for abuse and added to heroin, marijuana, etc. Increases potency and is frequently disguised as heroin, leading to overdose deaths.
74
LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
A powerful synthetic hallucinogen known for its significant effects on perception.
75
Stimulatory Hallucinogenics
Drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects.
76
MDMA (Ecstasy or X)
A drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects.
77
PCP (Phencyclidine)
A synthesized drug originally used as an animal tranquilizer. Can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects.
78
Marijuana
A mild hallucinogen derived from the leaves and flowers of a specific type of hemp plant.

General Psych (7 decks)

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