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General Psych > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Awareness of what is going on around and within at any given moment.

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2
Q

Waking Consciousness

A

State with clear and organized thoughts, feelings, and sensations; person feels alert.

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3
Q

Altered State of Consciousness

A

Shift in quality or pattern of mental activity compared to waking consciousness.

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4
Q

Freudian Theory of the Mind

A

The human mind is like to an iceberg; only a small part is conscious.

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5
Q

Conscious Mind

A

Contains thoughts and feelings currently in awareness.

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6
Q

Preconscious Mind

A

Material that can be brought into consciousness with focus.

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7
Q

Unconscious Mind

A

Contains impulses and wishes in the id, inaccessible to conscious awareness.

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8
Q

Id

A

Operates in the unconscious; houses basic impulses and desires.

Primal Desires
Pleasure Principles

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9
Q

Superego

A

Operates at all levels of consciousness; represents moral standards.

Moral Principles

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9
Q

Ego

A

Operates at all levels of consciousness; mediates between id, superego, and reality.

Rational, Realistic Part

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10
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Psychological strategies used to cope with anxiety and protect the ego.

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11
Q

Repression

A

Unconsciously blocking unpleasant thoughts or feelings from awareness.

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12
Q

Denial

A

Refusing to accept reality or facts, acting as if a painful event or thought does not exist.

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13
Q

Projection

A

Attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others.

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14
Q

Displacement

A

Redirecting emotions from a threatening target to a safer one.

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15
Q

Regression

A

Returning to behaviors characteristic of an earlier stage of development in response to stress.

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16
Q

Rationalization

A

Creating logical excuses for illogical or emotional behavior.

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17
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

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18
Q

Intellectualization

A

Focusing on the intellectual aspects of a situation while ignoring the emotional aspects.

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19
Q

Reaction Formation

A

Expressing the opposite of one’s true feelings to hide anxiety-provoking emotions.

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20
Q

Necessity of Sleep

A

Essential for overall health, including mental health.

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21
Q

Physiological Restoration

A

Sleep facilitates physical recovery and restoration of the body.

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22
Q

Cognitive Processing

A

Aids in mental organization, integration of experiences, and memory function.

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23
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

A 24-hour cycle of bodily rhythms, regulating sleep and wakefulness.

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24
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Tiny section of the brain that influences the glandular system.

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25
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

Located deep within the hypothalamus; acts as the internal clock.

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26
Q

Sleep Regulation

A

SCN determines when to wake up and when to fall asleep.

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27
Q

Melatonin Secretion

A

Hypothalamus signals the pineal gland to secrete melatonin.

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28
Q

Melatonin

A

Hormone that induces feelings of sleepiness.

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29
Q

Microsleeps

A

Brief episodes of sleep lasting only a few seconds.

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30
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

Significant loss of sleep leading to irritability and concentration issues.

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31
Q

Cognitive Impairments from Sleep Deprivation

A

Affects memory and organization of dreams and experiences.

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32
Q

Restorative Theory

A

Proposes sleep is essential for physical health, replenishing chemicals and repairing cellular damage.

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33
Q

Adaptive Theory

A

Suggests sleep patterns evolved to avoid predators by sleeping when they are most active.

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34
Q

Night Owl Genetic Coding

A

Some evidence supports evolutionary functions for night owl sleep patterns.

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35
Q

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

A

-Eyes move rapidly under eyelids.

-Typically associated with dreaming.

36
Q

NREM (Non-REM) Sleep

A

Any stage of sleep that does not include REM.

37
Q

Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A

Measures brain wave activity during sleep stages.

38
Q

Beta Waves

A

Conscious, fully awake

39
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Indicate relaxation or very very very light sleep.

40
Q

Theta Waves

A

Associated with early stages of sleep.

41
Q

Delta Waves

A

Long, slow waves indicating the deepest stage of sleep.

42
Q

N1 (Stage 1)

A

Early stage/light sleep characterized by theta waves.

May experience:

-Hypnagogic images (hallucinations or vivid visual events).

-Hypnic jerk (sudden jerks of knees, legs, or whole body).

43
Q

N2 (Stage 2)

A

Characterized by sleep spindles (brief bursts of brain activity lasting a second or two).

44
Q

N3 (Stage 3 and 4)

A

-Deepest stage of sleep characterized by delta waves (50% or more).

-Body functions at the lowest level.

-Time of growth and physical restoration.

45
Q

REM Sleep

A

-Known as paradoxical sleep due to high levels of brain activity.

-If woken during REM sleep, sleepers almost always report dreaming.

46
Q

REM Rebound

A

Refers to increased amounts of REM sleep following deprivation of REM sleep on earlier nights.

47
Q

Hypnagogic Hallucination

A

Occurs when entering N1 sleep.

48
Q

Hypnopompic Hallucination

A

Occurs between REM sleep (when voluntary muscles are paralyzed) and the transition to full wakefulness.

49
Q

Nightmares

A

Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep.

50
Q

REM Behavior Disorder

A

Mechanism that blocks the movement of voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around or act out nightmares.

51
Q

Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)

A

-Episode of moving around or walking during sleep, occurring in deep sleep.

-More common among children than adults.

52
Q

Night Terrors

A

-Experience of extreme fear, screaming, or running around during deep sleep.

-The person does not wake fully; relatively rare disorder.

52
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Disorder where the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more, occurring hundreds of times during a night’s sleep.

53
Q

Insomnia

A

Inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or achieve good quality of sleep.

54
Q

Narcolepsy

A

-Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning.

-Cataplexy: Sudden loss of muscle tone.

55
Q

Freud’s Theory of Dreams

A

Dreams are seen as wish fulfillment.

56
Q

Manifest Content

A

The dream itself; the explicit content that is recalled upon waking.

The dreams story line. The literal.

57
Q

Latent Content

A

The true, hidden meaning of a dream; the underlying thoughts and desires.

58
Q

Interpretation of Symbols

A

Reveals subconscious desires and meanings behind the dream.

59
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

Drugs that alter thinking, perception, and memory.

60
Q

Psychological Dependence (DRUGS)

A

The feeling and/or belief that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being.

61
Q

Physical Dependence (Physiological) [DRUGS]

A

Tolerance: More and more of the drug is needed to achieve the same effect.

Withdrawal: Physical symptoms resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body, which can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure.

61
Q

Cocaine

A

A natural drug that produces euphoria, energy, power, and pleasure.

62
Q

Stimulants

A

Increase the functioning of the nervous system.

62
Q

Nicotine

A

The active ingredient in tobacco.

63
Q

Amphetamines

A

Stimulant

Synthesized in labs; not found in nature.

Used to treat ADHD

64
Q

Depressants

A

Decrease nervous system functioning.

65
Q

Barbiturates

A

Have a sedative effect.

66
Q

Benzodiazepine

A

Lower anxiety and reduce stress.

66
Q

Rohypnol

A

Known as the “date rape” drug.

67
Q

CNS Depressant (Alcohol)

A

Often mistaken for a stimulant; alcohol is actually a central nervous system depressant.

67
Q

Effects on Executive Functioning (Alcohol)

A

Depresses executive functioning, leading to disinhibited behaviors.

68
Q

Narcotics

A

Opium-related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain.

69
Q

Mechanism of Action (Narcotics)

A

Bind to and stimulate the nervous system’s natural receptor sites for endorphins.

70
Q

Opium

A

Made from the opium poppy; all narcotic drugs are derived from opium.

71
Q

Morphine

A

Used to treat severe pain.

72
Q

Fentanyl

A

A synthetic opioid that is 80-100 times stronger than morphine.

72
Q

Effects of Fentanyl

A

Produces a short, intense high and feelings of euphoria.

Slows respiration and reduces blood pressure (BP).

73
Q

Pharmaceutical Fentanyl

A

Developed for pain management in cancer patients.

Administered through a patch applied to the skin.

73
Q

Heroin

A

Extremely addictive narcotic.

74
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychogenic drugs that produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication.

Cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality.

74
Q

Fentanyl Diversion

A

Fentanyl is often diverted for abuse and added to heroin, marijuana, etc.

Increases potency and is frequently disguised as heroin, leading to overdose deaths.

74
Q

LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)

A

A powerful synthetic hallucinogen known for its significant effects on perception.

75
Q

Stimulatory Hallucinogenics

A

Drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects.

76
Q

MDMA (Ecstasy or X)

A

A drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects.

77
Q

PCP (Phencyclidine)

A

A synthesized drug originally used as an animal tranquilizer.

Can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects.

78
Q

Marijuana

A

A mild hallucinogen derived from the leaves and flowers of a specific type of hemp plant.

General Psych (8 decks)

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