Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavior Sciences Mcat > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What are 4 different states of consciousness?

A
  1. Alertness
  2. Sleep
  3. Dreaming
    4.altered stages of development (meditation, hypnosis, drug induced)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____is when you are awake and are able to perceive info around you. EEG shows that brain is awake?

A

Alertness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many waves are seen on an EEG which corresponds to different stages of consciousness?

A

BETA - awake and mental processes are being carried out

ALPHA - awake but relaxing phase

THETA - stage 1 NREM1 and stage 2 NREM 2

*im s2 NREM, theta waves consists sleep spindles and K complex

DELTA - stage 3 NREM3/slow wave sleep

REM (wave associated with rem sleep) - rapid eye movement. Physiological body is awake but individual is still asleep.
*dreaming occurs during this stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s the other name for REM?

A

Paradoxical sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_______ is a complete progression through sleep stages

A

Sleep cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what average length of sleep cycle in
1. In adults
2. In children

A
  1. 90 mins
  2. 50 mins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_______is cycle of waking and sleeping. It is usually 24 hours long

A

Circadian rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Circadian rhythm is controlled by _____

A
  1. Melatonin - sleep
  2. Cortisol - wakes up
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is cortisol produced?

A

Adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is cortisol produced and released ?

A

Increase in light during the day causes the releases of Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) which causes release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) from anterior pituitary. This then stimulates the release and of cortisol from adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

____________axis helps in the control of behaviour through endocrine system

A

Hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are different sleep Theories?

A
  1. Activation synthesis theory
  2. Problem solving theory
  3. Cognitive processes theory
  4. Neurocognitive model of theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

__________ theory talks about how dreams are formed due to random firing of neurons

A

Activation synthesis theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

__________theory states that dreams help an individual solve problems in ways they wouldn’t have been able to come up with

A

Problem solving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_______theory relates dreams to the wakeful periods. It talks about how dreams jump from one topic to another just like we do when we change stream of thoughts when awake

A

Cognitive process down theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

________theory unifies biological and psychological aspects of dreaming

A

Neurological model of dreaming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are 2 kinds of sleep-wake disorders?

A
  1. Parasomnias - abnormalities during sleeping
  2. Dyssomnia - difficulty falling or staying asleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most sleep wake disorders occurs during _____sleep

A

NREM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What all disorders come under parasomnias?

A
  1. Night Terrors- •during SWS, sympathetic system overload, very difficult to wake up
  2. Sleep walking/somnambulism - eat, sex, talk, during SWS. Can be woken up. Wont remember the event
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Types of dyssomnias ?

A
  1. Insomnia - difficulty falling or staying asleep.
  2. Narcolepsy- no voluntary control over sleep
  3. Cataplexy - loss of muscle control
  4. Sleep paralysis - not being able to move even when awake
  5. Sleep apnea - inability to breathe during sleep . Obstructive or central
21
Q

_________hallucinations ocurr while going to bed?

A

Hypnagogic

22
Q

_________hallucinations ocurr while getting out of bed?

A

Hypnopompic

23
Q

______is when an individual gets no sleep for night or multiple nights

A

Sleep deprivation

24
Q

Sleep deprivation leads to ____when the body gets longer duration of REM when it sleeps the next day

A

REM rebound

25
Q

Define hypnosis

A

State in which body is awake but not in control of the actions.
- an hypnotised individual can easily succumb to others

26
Q

_______is the first step to hypnosis when the hypnotist relaxes and makes the subject more convenient

A

Hypnotic induction

27
Q

________is when the body is awake but the mind is quiet. Categorised by stage 1 sleep with slow alpha waves and theta waves

A

Meditation

28
Q

Main types of psychoactive drugs

A
  • depressant
  • stimulants
    -opiates
    -hallucinations
29
Q

______slows down the nervous system, relaxes and reduces anxiety

A

Depressants

30
Q

Types of depressants

A

Alcohol
Sedatives

31
Q

________increases GABA activity, logical and motor skills decreases, lack of self control

A

Alcohol

32
Q

________is the term used when an individual is addicted to alcohol and does not realise or is unable to recognise the consequences of their actions

A

Alcohol myopia

33
Q

_______slows down NS, GABA increases and causes drowsiness

A

Sedatives

34
Q

Types of sedatives

A
  • barbiturates (reduces anxiety, sleep med )

-benzodiazepines (similar to barbiturates, not as addicting)

35
Q

______happens when alcohol is taken with sedatives

A

Coma or death

36
Q

_______increase arousal and NS

A

Stimulants

37
Q

Types of stimulants

A

ACE

  1. Amphetaminen
  2. Cocaine
  3. Ecstasy
38
Q

______Increase arousal, inc dopamine and norepinephrine, reduced diet and sleep, anxiety, euphoria, can cause brain damage and stroke

A

Amphetamine

39
Q

______is highly addictive, inc dopamine and norepinephrine and serotonin. From coca plant and is also referred as crack

A

Cocaine

40
Q

______is a rave drug, inc HR and BP, blurry vision, sweating, nausea, colorful

A

Ecstasy

41
Q

_____are painkillers from opium. They mimic the behaviour of endorphins

A

Opiates

42
Q

Synthetic opiates are called

A

Opioids
-oxymorons, hydrocodone and heroine

43
Q

____is used as a substitute for morphine

_____is used to treat the addiction of ^

A

Heroin

Methadone

44
Q

______causes hallucinations and distorts reality. HR and BP increases, pupils dilated. Rave drug

A

Hallucinogens

GOOD EXAMPLE - LSD ( lysergic acid diethylamide

45
Q

_____is a combination of stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens m. Decrease gaba, increase dopamine, red eyes, dry mouth and fatigue, Appetite increase

A

Marijuana

46
Q

_____is the active chemical in marijuana

A

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

47
Q

What the the 3 Main structures involves involved in Mesolimbic reward pathway?

A

NAc- nucleus accumbens

VTA - ventral tagmental area

MFB - medial forebrain bundle

48
Q

____is the pathway involved with drug addiction

A

Mesolimbic reward pathway

49
Q

_______neurotransmitter is main in Mesolimbic reward pathway

A

Dopamine

Behavior Sciences Mcat (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions