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Behavior Sciences Mcat > Cognition > Flashcards

Cognition Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What is cognition

A

The way our brain process and react to surrounding info

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2
Q

As per information processing model, brain is equivalent to _____

A

A Computer

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3
Q

Three main process involved in information processing model?

A

Encoding-storage-retrieval

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4
Q

______theory states that an organism processes info both verbally and visually

A

Dual coding theory

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5
Q

Define cognitive development

A

Ability to think and solve problems

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6
Q

_____is the ability to think about things that are not actually present. For example not being able to tell the underlying concept of an idiom

A

Abstract thought

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7
Q

_____is the most influential figure in developmental psychology

A

Jean Piaget

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8
Q

Name jean piaget’s stages of development

A

Sensorimotor
Pre operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

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9
Q

_____is the first stage of development that last from 0-2 years of development. Is categorised by absence of object permanence

A

Sensorimotor
- circular reactions are seen (repetitive actions)
-primary circular reactions - actions that revolve around the body (like thumb sucking)
-secondary circular reactions -actions that are outside the body that gets response (like throwing tows across a room)

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10
Q

What is object permanence

A

That objects exists even if they are not in view anymore

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11
Q

Preoperational stage

A

-2-7 years of age
-main features -egocentrism, centration, conservation, object permanence, symbolic thinking

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12
Q

_____is when a child only thinks about themselves and don’t care about others

A

Egocentrism

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13
Q

Define symbolic thinking

A

Imagination and make belief

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14
Q

______is when someone only pays attention to one aspect of an object/situation

A

Centration

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15
Q

A child is presented with two different shaped glasses with orange juice. The taller glass is half full while the shorter is completely full meaning the amount of juice in both the glasses is same. The child quickly chooses the taller glass of juice. What is the reason behind this?

A

Child Lacks Conversation , that is, they fail to understand that the physical quantity remains same even if the size of the container changes

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16
Q

_______is when egocentrism disappears and the concept of conservation is understood

A

Concrete operational stage

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17
Q

_______is the last stage of Piaget’s developmental learning is characterised by abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning (ability to mentally manipulate variables)

A

Formal operational stage

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18
Q

_________intelligence helps solve new problems with creative methods

A

Fluid

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19
Q

_______intelligence helps solve problems using the info we already have acquired

A

Crystallised

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20
Q

What disorder leads to decline in cognitive development

A

Dementia

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21
Q

What is the type of delirium which is due to alcohol withdrawal

A

Delirium tremens

22
Q

What are some craniofacial features of fetal alcohol syndrome ?

A

-low nasal bridge
-folds on the corners of eyes
-thin upper lip
-small eye opening
-short nose
Etc

23
Q

______is rapid decline is cognitive activity due to medical causes and is reversible

A

Delirium

24
Q

What is mental set

A

It helps approach a problem in the same way others were approached

25
Q

______is when a person is unable to think out of the box and uses traditional ways to solve a problem

A

Functional fixedness

26
Q

What are different kinds of problem solving?

A

TADI

T- trial and error
A-algorithm
D-deductive reasoning
I- Inductive reasoning

27
Q

Trial and error

A

Multiple solutions are tried until
one works

28
Q

_______reasoning is also called top down reasoning. We start with a universal fact and then solution is found out

A

Deductive reasoning

29
Q

Humans are mortal. I am a human and therefore I am mortal too. What kind of reasoning is this?

A

Deductive

30
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Also balled bottom up reasoning
-we start with observations and then make our way to the solution

31
Q

The first cat is black. The second cat is black, and the third cat is black too. Therefore all cats a black. What kind of reasoning is this?

A

Inductive

32
Q

_______ are formulae or a set procedure for solving a problem

A

algorithms

33
Q

What tools do we use for decision making?

A

HIBE

heuristics -“rules of thumb”
Intuition
Bias
Emotion

34
Q

________heuristic is used when we think that the likelihood of an event happening depends on the number of examples we can think of about that event

A

Avalability

35
Q

_________heuristic is used when we think that likelihood of an event happening is more when is fits the prototypical and stereotypical category

A

Representativeness

36
Q

_______is when we ignore actual numbers but our answer is based on what seems right stereotypically

A

Base rate fallacy

37
Q

Define discomfirmation principle

A

Discarding a solution that has already been proved wrong

38
Q

What are different kind of bias ?

A

-Confirmation
-Hindsight
-Belief perspective

39
Q

________is when emotional beliefs are paid much attention to while disregarding solution that is against the belief

A

Confirmation

40
Q

Confirmation bias leads to ___

A

Overconfidence

41
Q

Define hindsight bias

A

‘Know it all’
Overestimating happening of an event just because it has happened in the past

42
Q

__________refers to the inability to reject a particular belief despite clear evidence to the contrary

A

Belief perseverance

43
Q

Define intuition

A

The feeling that you are right

-Recognition primed decision model

44
Q

What role does emotion play in decision making?

A

It determined how to behave in a certain situation and take decisions accordingly. Angry person might take rash decisions

45
Q

Theory of multiple intelligences given by?

A

Howard gardener

46
Q

What are the types of intelligences within multiple intelligences theory

A

8
-linguistic
-logical and mathematical
-visuospatial
-intrapersonal
-interpersonal
-musical
-naturalistic
-bodily Kinesthetic

47
Q

_____prposed triachic theory of intelligence

A

Robert sternberg

48
Q

Subtypes of triachic theory

A

PAC
-analytical - reason
-creative - new ways to find solutions
-practical - dealing everyday problems at home and work

49
Q

_______intelligence is involved being empathetic

A

Emotional intelligence

50
Q

What is IQ

A

-initallly by Alfred Binet
-later revised by standford - standford-Binet iq test

Mathematically

(Mental age /biological age ) X 100

Behavior Sciences Mcat (7 decks)

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