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Migration > Conquered And Conquerors > Flashcards

Conquered And Conquerors Flashcards

1
Q

Where and when was the first Viking attack on Britain

A

Lindisfarne in 793AD

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2
Q

Where were the vikings from

A

Scandinavia (Sweden, Norway, Denmark)

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3
Q

Why did the Vikings come to Britain

A
  • Britain had many rich monasteries which couldn’t be defended as monks weren’t violent
  • England was rich in resources like farmland -> their original land was rough and hard to grow crops on but England has a warmer climate
  • England was divided into 7 kingdoms (Heptarchy) which meant the Saxons weren’t united and couldn’t fight together against the Vikings
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4
Q

What was the Danelaw

A

Territory given to the Vikings as part of peace terms with Wessex

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5
Q

The Great Heathen Army

A

Invaded England in 865AD
- the army was a Danish and Norwegian alliance set on colonising and controlling England
- took over parts of York and East Anglia

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6
Q

When and what was the Battle of Edington

A

878AD
- Alfred the Great made peace with Guthrum and he was baptised as a Christian

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7
Q

Why did the Vikings return

A
  • no opposition
  • Aethelred had begun Danegeld
  • St Brices Day Massacre (1002) -> Aethelred ordered the massacre of all Danes not living in the Danelaw and the Sven Forkbeards sister was killed
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8
Q

When did Sven Forkbeard become king

A

1013

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9
Q

Who was Cnut

A

The son of Forkbeard and became King of England when he died

  • he was young and Anglo-Saxon nobles took the chance to make Aethelred king again in 1014 but died in 1016
  • Cnut came back to reclaim England from Aethelreds son
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10
Q

How much silver did Aethelred give the Vikings

A

About 3300kg

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11
Q

About Cnuts reign

A
  • was able to use the Anglo-Saxons powerful economy to pay off his Scandinavian army with £72,000 tax money
  • maintained peace in England for 20 years
  • was able to use Britains money to
    transfer riches to support the Danes and payed for trusted Danish nobles to move to England and help him keep order
  • religious man who established good relationships with church leaders -> donated huge sums to the church, Canterbury and Winchester
  • married Emma of Normandy in 1017 -> brought stability to England
  • ended the practice of Danegeld + improved trade by making English coinage of the same weight to Scandinavian coins
  • inherited Denmark and Norway and ruled parts of Sweden which became known as the North Sea Empire
  • his sons Harold and Harthacnut were hated
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12
Q

When was Cnuts reign

A

1016-1035

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13
Q

When did Edward the Confessor become king and who were his parents

A

1042

Emma of Normandy and Aethelred

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14
Q

Why was Edward the Confessors death significant and when was it

A

1066
He had no heirs which led to the Norman Conquest of 1066 and the Battle of Hastings

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15
Q

Who was Harald Hadrada

A
  • Viking warrior
  • Harthacnut promised his dad he could have the throne but Edward got it instead
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16
Q

Who was Harold Godwinson

A
  • Earl of Wessex
  • was Edward’s chancellor
  • witan picked him (group of nobles who decide who is king)
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17
Q

Who was William the Conqueror

A
  • Edward named him heir
  • distant cousin of Edward
  • pope supported him
18
Q

Battle of Stamford Bridge

A

Sept 1066
- Harold (won) vs Harald

19
Q

Battle of Hastings

A

Oct 1066
- Harold vs William (won)

20
Q

Initial problems after the Battle of Hastings for William

A
  • still soldiers in Dover who were loyal to Harold
  • had no money
  • many English lords didn’t want him to be king -> wouldn’t be loyal + controlled their men
  • a lot of political unrest and rebellion
21
Q

The Harrying of the North

A

1069-70

  • people in the north rebelled against William so he ordered villages to be destroyed and killed
  • burnt herds of animals and crop
  • population reduced by 75%
  • 100,000 died of starvation
  • William gained control over the north
22
Q

What did William introduce

A
  • the feudal system -> used to keep Anglo-Saxons in their place
  • the Domesday Book -> allowed him to work out how much tax was owed + how many soldiers he could demand (needed these for his wars)
23
Q

White Ship Disaster

A

1120
- Henry I’s only son died on a boat and only had his daughter Matilda as an heir

24
Q

The Anarchy

A

1135-1154

  • Matilda invaded in 1139 with her half-brother Robert of Gloucester
  • in 1141 Stephen when was captured after the Battle of Lincoln
  • Robert was then captured and the 2 sides agreed to swap captives
  • in 1153 Henry II invade England and Stephen and Henry agreed to Treaty of Winchester that recognised Henry as Stephen’s heir
25
Q

When did Henry II become king

A

1154

26
Q

What land did Henry II own

A
  • Ireland -> got permission to invade from the Pope (he wanted to prevent Welsh lord taking land there)
  • England
  • Normandy
  • Maine and Anjou -> inherited from father
  • Aquitaine and Gascony -> got from his marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine
  • Brittany
27
Q

Who succeeded Henry II to the throne

A

Richard

28
Q

The Great Rebellion

A

1173
- wars between Henry’s sons over the division of his land

29
Q

The Angevin Empire under John

A
  • he has lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine and Touraine to the French
  • only had Gascony left
30
Q

Magna Carta

A

1215
- promised that John would respect the rights of the church and barons + stop unfair taxes + ensure that trials would be held quickly and fairly

31
Q

Why the did 100 Years War break out

A
  • England still controlled Gascony -> rich resources like wine
  • Edward had conflict with Scotland -> France and Scotland were allies and Philip wanted Scotland to stay free so he could one day invade
  • England’s main export was wool which they traded with Flanders, France threatened to take over Flanders
32
Q

Time period of the HYW

A

(1337-1453)

33
Q

3 English successes in the HYW

A
  • Battle of Crecy (1346) -> French lost 1,200 knights + where English first used infantry
  • Battle of Poitiers (1356) -> 8,000 French killed
  • Battle of Agincourt (1415) -> 15,000 English + 50,000 French
34
Q

When was the battle of Crecy

A

1346

35
Q

When was the battle of Poitiers

A

1356

36
Q

When was the Battle of Agincourt

A

1415

37
Q

How many E+F soldiers were at the battle of Agincourt

A

15,000 english
50,000 french

38
Q

3 English losses during the HYW

A
  • Battle of La Rochelle (1372) -> French regained control of the English Channel
  • Siege of Orleans
  • Siege of Castillon
39
Q

Casualties of the HYW

A

French
- 6,000-7,000 dead

English
- less than 1,000 dead -> including the Duke of York

40
Q

What did Agincourt do for English identity

A
  • proclaimed the victory in English not French
41
Q

Impact of the HYW

A
  • areas of France like Normandy were devastated
  • missile fire become the new battle technique + increased use of gunpowder
  • Calvary became less important than those on foot
  • high cost of the war led to the French creating a better tax system
  • French had nationalist feelings
  • birth of English identity
  • both F+E had to pay higher taxes -> E lost land like Normandy and Aquitaine but they got rich from stolen goods from France (eg. Bodiam Castle was built with proceeds made from the war)

Migration (6 decks)

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