Britain In The 20th Century Flashcards

1
Q

Indian independence

A
  • 1885: Indian National Congress founded
  • after WWI Britain reward India’s contribution by giving vote to 5 million rich citizens but they still controlled taxation
  • 1920s: independence under Gandhi created non-violent protests
  • 1935: Government of India Act gave them control of everything but army
  • Muslim leagues set up to demand a separate country for Muslims
  • 1946: UK offered India independence but Muslims didn’t want to live under Hindu control and violence broke out
  • Britain split India into 2 states -> India and Pakistan (Muslim) -> 7 million Muslims fled to Pakistan
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2
Q

Suez independence

A
  • 1956: Nasser of Egypt took control of the Suez Canal
  • UK and F troops occupied Canal Zone and Israel invaded Egypt
  • condemned by USA and UN and withdrew their troops
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3
Q

Independence of the Gold Coast

A
  • 1874 -> UK took over Gold Coast
  • 1920s -> national Congress of British West Africa was set up to demand own affairs but were refused
  • their independence leader was Kwame Nkrumah. Who became PM in 1951
  • in 1956 Nkrumah won another election and so in 1957 Britain made them independent and they changed the name to Ghana
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4
Q

Independence of Kenya

A
  • 1940s -> Kenya African Union formed, led by Jomo Kenyatta
  • another group used violence instead of -> the Mau Mau + 100s were killed fighting between them and the British in the 1950s
  • Kenyatta was arrested despite not being involved and the Mau Mau rebellion lasted 8 years
  • 1963 -> Kenya became independent and Kenyatta was the first PM
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5
Q

Immigration after WW2

A
  • Ireland: came to escape poverty
  • Cyprus: tensions between Greeks and Turkish Cypriots -> many fled to escape violence + the Turkish invasion in 1974 made more flee
  • Eastern Europe: many fled the Nazis, in 1956 1000s fled Soviet following the Hungarian rising
  • Far east Asia: many came to UK from British colonies -> 50,000 had UK passports
  • South east Asia: many fled India to escape religious persecution, Asians forced to leave Kenya and Uganda’s in 1960-70s (60,000)
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6
Q

The Commonwealth (Britains empire) during WW2

A

During WWII people from British colonies were expected to serve in the military -> 16,000 from the Caribbean enlisted

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7
Q

What made Britain appealing to Caribbeans

A
  • the area had been devastated by a hurricane in 1944
  • there was a shortage of labour in Britain after WW2 + the working population reduced by 1.38 million
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8
Q

Empire Windrush

A
  • in 1948, a ship named Empire Windrush arrived at London docks carrying 492 people -> this was as a result of the British Nationality Act
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9
Q

Impact of Empire Windrush

A
  • in the 1940s, there were 500-700 Caribbean arrivals to Britain each year which increased to 40,000 by 1960
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10
Q

Racism towards the Empire Windrush generation

A
  • ‘colour bar’ -> only able to get low paid jobs
  • 1958: Notting Hill Riots -> white youth attacked black youths
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11
Q

The Commonwealth Immigration Act

A

1968
- Kenyan Asians with British passports were no longer allowed to enter the country but white Kenyans were

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12
Q

Where are the Falkland Islands

A

Close to Argentina
-> Britain first claimed them in 1765 but Spain took over them

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13
Q

When did Britain take the Falkland Islands back

A

1833

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14
Q

Why did Galtieri want the Falklands back

A

Argentina was in economic crisis and he hoped this would take people’s mind off of it

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15
Q

When was and what happened in the Falklands war

A

1982
- 12,000 Argentinian soldiers invade
- Margaret Thatcher created a Task Force of 127 ships and a 320km exclusion zone
- Argentina surrendered

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16
Q

Impact of the Falkland’s war

A
  • 255 British men’s djed
  • cost Britain £2.5 billion
  • Thatcher grew in support and was reelected in 1983
17
Q

When was Notting Hill carnival founded and who by

A

1959 by Claudia Homes who was the editor of the first black British newspaper (West Indian Gazette)

18
Q

What did European nations do after WW2

A

Set up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951

19
Q

What is the ECSC renamed as

A

The EEC (European Economic Community) in 1957
-> Britain still not a member

20
Q

When do Ireland and Britain join the EEC

A

1973

21
Q

What was introduced within the EEC

A

Single Market and Freedom of Movemem tin 1980s

22
Q

When does the EEC become the EU

A

1993

23
Q

Impact of the Cold War (1990) on the EU

A
  • grows to 28 members
  • USA grew close relationship with Britain and the USSR grew close with countries like Hungary and Poland
24
Q

Migration in 2000s Europe

A
  • 11 million EU citizens now live and work in another EU country
  • 2000: 60,000 EU citizens came to Britain annually
  • 2004-2006: when Eastern Europeans were allowed to join the EU 600,000 Eastern European immigrants came to the UK
25
Q

Impact of Polish immigrants on UK

A
  • they work hard
  • help tackles job shortages
  • local services like schools and housing can be strained
  • economy benefits from tax income etc
26
Q

Impact of Polish immigrants on Poland

A
  • money sent home helps Polish economy
  • less Polish unemployment
  • fewer skilled workers
  • ageing population as younger ones go abroad
  • less tax being payed
27
Q

Brexit

A

In 2016, 51% in the UK voted to leave the EU