Connective Tissue (wk3 Ch5.3)

Question 1

connective tissue include (4)

Answer 1

fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, (both are also known as supportive connective tissues and blood (fluid connective tissue)

Question 2

8 functions of connective tissue

Answer 2

-binding of organs
-support
-physical protection
-immune protection
-movement
-storage
hear production
-transport

Question 3

6 components of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 3

• fibroblasts
• macrophages
• leukocytes/white blood cells
• Plasma cells
• Mast cells
• Adipocytes/fat cells

Question 4

a connective tissue cell that produces collagen fibers and ground substance; the only type of cell in tendons and ligmaments

Answer 4

fibroblast

Question 5

large phagocytic cells that wander through the connective tissues where they engulf and destroy bacteria, other foreign particles and dead or dying cells of our own body. also activate the immune system

Answer 5

macrophages

Question 6

mast cells

Answer 6

found mostly alongside blood vessels, secrete a chemical called heparin that inhibits blood clotting and one called histamine that increase blood flow by dilating blood vessels

Question 7

adipocytes

Answer 7

appear in small clusters in some fibrous connective tissues. when dominate and area call adipose tissue

Question 8

collagenous fibers, reticular fibers, and elastic fibers are what kind of fibers?

Answer 8

protein fibers

Question 9

characteristics of collagenous fibers

and found where

Answer 9

• tough
• flexible
• made from collagen
• aka white fibers
• tendons, ligaments

Question 10

characteristics of reticular fibers

and found where

Answer 10

• thin collagen coated with glycoprotein
• spongelike framework for organs
• part of basement membrane

Question 11

characteristics of elastic fibers

and found where

Answer 11

• thinner than collagenous fibers
• branch and rejoin each other
• made of protein called elastin coated in glycoprotein

Question 12

what is ground substance

Answer 12

usually has a gelatinous to rubbery consistency resulting from three classes of large molecules

Question 13

glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins are

Answer 13

ground substances

Question 14

A polysaccharide composed of modified sugars with amino groups; the major component of a proteoglycan. largely responsible for viscous consistency of tissue get and the stiffness of cartilage

Answer 14

glycosaminoglyn (GAG)

Question 15

most common GAG found in blood vessels and bones and gives cartilage its relative stiffness

Answer 15

chondroitin sulfate

Question 16

GAG are _____ charged and thus tend to attract sodium and potassium ions which in turn cause them to absorb and retain water

Answer 16

negatively

Question 17

proteoglycan

Answer 17

• gigantic molecule
• shaped like a bottle brush with central core protein and bristle like outgrowths composed of GAG
• gel like
• create strong structural bond between cells and extracellular macromolecules

Question 18

adhesive glycoproteins are

Answer 18

-protein-carbohydrate complexes that bind plasma membrane proteins to extracellular collagen and proteoglycans

Question 19

fibrous connective tissue types

Answer 19

• loose: much of the space is occupied by ground substance which dissolves out of the tissue during histological fixation and leaves empty space in prepared tissue sections
• Dense: fibers occupies more space than the cells and ground substance and appears closely packed in tissues sections

Question 20

exhibits loosely organized fibers abundant blood vessels and a lot of seemingly empty space

Answer 20

areolar tissue

Question 21

what can move freely in areolar tissue because of its openness

Answer 21

leukocytes

Question 22

a mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts

Answer 22

reticular tissue

Question 23

two properties associated with dense regular connective tissue

Answer 23

1. collagen fibers are closely packed and leave relatively little open space
2. fibers are parallel to each other (regular)

Question 24

why do injured tendons and ligaments heal slowly

Answer 24

they are made of dense regular connective tissue which have few blood vessels

Question 25

what are vocal cords and some spinal ligaments made of

Answer 25

elastic tissue a dense regular connective tissue

Question 26

has thick bundles of collagen and relatively little room fro cells and ground substance, but the collagen bundles run in seemingly random directions

Answer 26

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 27

what tissue constitutes most of the dermis as it bind the skin to underlying muscle and connective tissue

Answer 27

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 28

is tissue which adipocytes are dominant cell types

Answer 28

adipose tissue

Question 29

two types of fat

Answer 29

white fat and brown fat

Question 30

fat provides thermal insulation, anchors and cushions organs and contributes to body contours

Answer 30

white fat

Question 31

found many in fetuses infant and children but adult also have small deposited. found in shoulders, upper back and around kidneys

Answer 31

brown fat ( gets color form unusual abundance of blood vessels)

Question 32

cartilage is

Answer 32

relatively stiff connective tissue with a flexible rubbery matric

Question 33

chondroblasts produces what tissue?

Answer 33

cartilage

Question 34

hyaline cartilage is

Answer 34

clear glassy appearance

Question 35

elastic cartilage is

Answer 35

conspicuous elastic fibers

Question 36

bone is compose of

Answer 36

osseous tissue, cartilage bone marrow dense irregular connective tissue and other types

Question 37

two forms of bone

Answer 37

spongy bone

compact/dense bone

Question 38

central (osteonic) canels

Answer 38

run longitudinally through the shafts of long bones such as the femur

Question 39

concentric lamellae

Answer 39

onion like layer around each canal

Question 40

connective tissue that travels through tubular vessels

Answer 40

blood

Question 41

ground substance of blood

Answer 41

blood plasma

Question 42

erythrocytes, leukocytes and plates are formed elements of what?

Answer 42

blood