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M1 B2 - Histology > Connective Tissue (L3) > Flashcards

Connective Tissue (L3) Flashcards

1
Q

Organised Connective Tissue

A

Blood
Cartilage
Bone

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2
Q

What are the cells of Non-specialised CT / CT proper

A

Mast cells
Fibroblasts
adipocytes

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3
Q

The function of Cartilage, bone, tendons, ligaments, and capsules of organs is _________

A

Providing structural support

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4
Q

The CT types that function as a medium for exchange of materials are __________

A

Blood, lymph, and CT proper

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5
Q

What is the function of Plasma and Mast cells?

A

Enter CT proper to function in immune response

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6
Q

Which CT cells store lipids?

A

Adipocytes

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7
Q

CT is formed of ________ and _________

A

Extra cellular matrix (ECM) and cells

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8
Q

CT cells can be classified according to their location into: ___________ and ____________

A

Transient cells and Fixed cells

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9
Q

Examples of Fixed CT cells

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Pericytes
Adipocytes

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10
Q

Free CT cells

A

Mast cells
Leucocytes
Plasma cells

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11
Q

What is the origin of transient cells?

A

Bone marrow

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12
Q

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is made of

A

Structural Fibrous Proteins

Ground substance

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13
Q

The ground substance of ECM is made of 3 types of compounds. Name them

A
  1. Non-branched polysaccharides (GAGs)
  2. Adhesive Glycoproteins
  3. Proteoglycans (Protein-polysaccharide complex)
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14
Q

Which of the following embed the fibrous proteins of the ECM?

  1. Non-branched polysaccharides (GAGs)
  2. Adhesive Glycoproteins
  3. Proteoglycans (Protein-polysaccharide complex)
A

Proteoglycans

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15
Q

Which of the following is/are example(s) of compound that embed fibrous proteins in ECM?

  1. Laminen and Fibronectin
  2. Chondroitin sulphate
  3. Decorin and Aggrecan
A

Decorin and Aggrecan

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16
Q

Which of the following attach the cells to the ECM?

  1. Laminen and Fibronectin
  2. Chondroitin sulphate
  3. Decorin and Aggrecan
A

Laminen and Fibronectin

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17
Q

Which of the following attach the cells to the ECM?

  1. Non-branched polysaccharides (GAGs)
  2. Adhesive Glycoproteins
  3. Proteoglycans (Protein-polysaccharide complex)
A

Adhesive glycoproteins

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18
Q

Where are reticular cells found?

A
  1. Stroma of lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen and thymus)
  2. Bone marrow
  3. Liver
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19
Q

What is the function of reticular cells?

A

Secretion of Reticular fibres (type III collagen)

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20
Q

Which cells secrete collagen in blood vessel walls?

A

smooth muscle cells

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21
Q

Structural fibrous proteins found in the ECM are generally of 2 types, either ____________ or _____________

A

Collagen or elastic

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22
Q

Elastic fibres can stretch up to _____% of their length

A

150

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23
Q

Which cells secrete elastic fibres?

A

Fibroblasts (and others)

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24
Q

Explain the structure of elastic fibres.

A
  • Core of elastin

* surrounded by microfibrils of the glycoprotein fibrillin

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25
Q

Where can elastic fibres be found?

A

Tunica media of large arteries, lungs, elastic ligaments (nucha and flava) and elastic cartilage.

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26
Q

Patient comes to the ER by ambulance after suffering and an aortic aneurysm. Physical exams revealed that she is very tall with a wide arm span. Her medical history shows that she has frequent subluxation of the eye lens. The doctors suspect she suffers from which genetic condition?

A

Marfan syndrome

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27
Q

What are the causes of Marfan Syndrome?

A

Absence of fibrillin

Disturbance of elastin

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28
Q

State the location of loose areolar CT

A

Mucous membranes

Under epithelia

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29
Q

State the location of dense irregular CT

A

Skin Dermis
Submucosa of hollow viscera
Organ capsules

30
Q

State the location of dense regular CT

A

Ligaments, tendons, aponeurosis and cornea of eye

31
Q

State the location of adipose CT

A

Subcutaneous, breast, mesenteries, bone marrow and omentum

32
Q

State the location of mesenchymal cells

A

Embryonic CT, perivascular and the ECM

33
Q

State the location of Mucous Embryonic CT

A

Umbilical cord

34
Q

Identify the cell:

Pale basophilic cytoplasm
Pale nucleus 
Prominent nucleolus 
Irregularly shaped cell 
Displays mitotic figures
A

Mesenchymal cell

35
Q

Mesenchymal cells are

A/ Unipotent
B/ Oligopotent
C/ Multipotent
D/ Totipotent

A

Multipotent

36
Q

Which cells form the basal lamina endothelial cells of blood vessels?

A

Pericytes

37
Q

Identify the cell:

Have long processes running along the longitudinal axis of capillaries

A

Pericytes

38
Q

What are the functions of pericytes?

A
  1. Contraction to obliterate capillaries

2. Stem cells capable of differentiating into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells.

39
Q

A patient presents to the outpatient clinic complaining of a lump on his arm. Biopsy revealed that it is a sarcoma. What cells is this tumor likely derived from?

A

Pericytes

40
Q

What is the origin of adipocytes and fibroblasts?

A

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

41
Q

Where would you expect to find Fibroblasts?

A

Along the longitudinal axis of Collagen fibres

42
Q

Identify the cell:

Elongated
Fusiform
Pale basophilic cytoplasm 
Prominent Golgi 
Abundant ribosomes and rER
A

Fibroblasts

43
Q

Functions of fibroblasts

A

Production of collagen and elastic fibres

Healing wounds

44
Q

Which cells form scars following injury or infection?

A

Fibroblasts

45
Q

What is the Mechanism of fibrosis?

A

Proliferation of Fibroblasts
Activation macrophages and lymphocytes
Generation of novel myofibroblasts

46
Q

What are the effects of fibrotic scarring?

A

Obliteration of tissue architecture Leading to tissue failure

47
Q

Which organs are most likely to be affected by fibrotic scarring?

A

Lungs, heart and kidneys

48
Q

Identify the cell:

Large 
Spherical 
Peripheral nucleus and cytoplasm
Abundant sER
Large droplet of lipid in the centre 
Sparse organelles
A

Unilocular Adipocyte

49
Q

Identify the cell:

Small 
Spherical 
Central nucleus
Abundant sER
Several droplets of lipids filling the cytoplasm
Sparse organelles
A

Multilocular Adipocyte

50
Q

Which cell has signet ring appearance?

A

Unilocular Adipocyte

51
Q

Which cells do macrophages (histocytes) originate from?

A

Monocytes

52
Q

State the location of the following:

Kupffer cells 
Dust cells
Microglia 
Osteoclasts
Monocytes 
Langerhan cells
A 
Kupffer cells - liver
Dust cells - lungs
Microglia - Brain
Osteoclasts - Bone
Monocytes - Blood 
Langerhan cells - Skin
53
Q

Identify the cell:

Large 
Basophilic cytoplasm with many granules 
Small vacuoles
Eccentric nucleus
Developed Golgi 
Abundant rER and lysosomes
A

Macrophages

54
Q

What’s the function of macrophages?

A

Phagocytosis

Presenting antigens to lymphocytes

55
Q

What are epitheloid cells?

A

Macrophages that increased in size due to prolonged stimulation

56
Q

What are foreign body giant cells?

A

Macrophages that have used together forming 1 large multinucleated cell

57
Q

Name the CT cells derived from B lymphocyte

A

Plasma cell

58
Q

Identify the cell:

  • Large
  • Ovoid
  • Basophilic cytoplasm
  • No secretory granules
  • Juxtanuclear Halo / Negative Golgi Image around the nucleus
  • Eccentric nucleus with heterochromatin radiating out from the centre giving it Clock face appearance
A

Plasma cell

59
Q

Which cells produce monoclonal antibodies?

A

Plasma cells

60
Q

What is the cause of multiple myeloma?

A

Bone marrow Tumor formed of plasma (myeloma) cells

61
Q

Where would you expect to find plasma cells?

A

Around sites of chronic inflammation

62
Q

What is the origin of mast cells?

A

Bone marrow

63
Q

Where do you expect to find mast cells?

A

Subepithelial CT of digestive and respiratory systems

64
Q

Identify the cell

Large
Ovoid
Central, round nucleus
Cytoplasm has many metachromatic granules

A

Mast cell

65
Q

What’s the function of mast cells?

A 
Release inflammatory mediators 
   1/ Histamine
   2/ Anticoagulant Heparin 
   3/ Cytokines
   4/ Chemotactic factors
66
Q

Name the tissues on which Inflammatory mediators act.

A 
Smooth muscle 
Vasculature
CT 
Mucous glands 
Inflammatory cells
67
Q

What’s the function of Histamine?

A

Dilation of small blood vessels to allow leakage of plasma

Pathway leading to release of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet-activating factors

68
Q

Urticaria is caused by which protein?

A

Histamine

69
Q

What happens during Anaphylaxis?

A
  • Mast cell receptors bind to IgE
  • IgE binds to foreign pathogen
  • Mast cell releases contents of its granules
70
Q

Which cells secrete collagen in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

M1 B2 - Histology (5 decks)

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