Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

M1 B2 - Histology > Bone (L4) > Flashcards

Bone (L4) Flashcards

1
Q

Which bone cells secrete the organic component of the ECM?

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which bone cells are found in the CT lining bone tissue?

A

Osteogenic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the CT that lines the bone tissue externally

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the origin of osteoblasts

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the organic components of bone matrix?

A

Collagen type I
Proteoglycans
Glycoproteins such as osteonectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Identify the cell:

  • Simple, Cubiodal
  • Polarized
  • Abundant rER, free ribosomes and Golgi bodies
  • Form gap and adherent junctions
A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the origin of bone lining cells?

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the origin of osteocytes?

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the bone cells is responsible for deposition of inorganic matrix?

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the fate of most osteoblasts?

A

Apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the bone cells is responsible for secreting the osteoid?

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name of the collagen-rich material secreted by osteoblasts?

A

Osteoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the name of the vitamin K dependent polypeptide secreted by osteoblasts?

A

Osteocalcin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the polypeptide that concentrates Calcium in the bone matrix

A

Osteocalcin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the bone cells is responsible for secreting alkaline phosphatase vesicles?

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of alkaline phophatase?

A

Increases the local concentration of PO43-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hydroxyapatite crystals are formed around ____________

A

Alkaline phosphatase vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

After the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals, what is required to complete the calcification of the bone?

A

Deposition of more minerals, collagen and proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the bone cells is most abundant?

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the bone cells are entrapped in the bone matrix?

A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the bone cells are found in howship lacunae?

A

Osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Identify the cell:

  • Almond shaped
  • Inactive nucleus with condensed chromatin
  • Little rER, ribosomes and small Golgi body
  • Long dendritic processes running in canaliculi
A

Osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the mechanostat of bone formed of?

A

Osteocytes and their long dendritic processes running in canaliculi forming gap junctions with neighbouring cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of the mechanostat?

A

Maintain bone matrix and adjust ion levels accordingly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the effect of lack of exercise on bone?

A

Wearing of the mechnostat leading to decreased bone density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Rapid bone resorption occurs after the death of which bone cells?

A

Osteocytes

27
Q

Which cells serve as detectors for the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

A

Osteocytes

28
Q

Diffusion of metabolites from blood vessels occurs through the processes of which bone cells?

A

Osteocytes

29
Q

Which bone cells express proteins to control bone remodelling?

A

Osteocytes

30
Q

What is the origin of osteoclasts?

A

Monocytes

31
Q

Identify the cell:

  • Large
  • Multinucleated
  • Motile
  • Abundant lysosomes
  • Ruffled border
A

Osteoclasts

32
Q

Which of the bone cells functions in bone resorption?

A

Osteoclasts

33
Q

Sharpey’s fibers are found in the

A/ Periosteum
B/ Endosteum

A

Periosteum

34
Q

Which of the following bone CT is formed of 2 layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular?

A/ Periosteum
B/ Endosteum

A

Periosteum

35
Q

Which of the following bone CT lines the bone marrow and trabeculae

A/ Periosteum
B/ Endosteum

A

Endosteum

36
Q

What is the function of Sharpey’s fibers?

A

Binding periosteum to bone

37
Q

The inner periosteum contains:

A

Osteoblasts
Osteoprogenitor cells
Bone lining cells

38
Q

Which of the bone cells is involved bone growth and repair?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

39
Q

The inorganic components of bone are

A
  • Calcium hydroxyapatite
  • Non-crystalline Calcium Phosphate
  • Sodium
  • Magnesium
  • Postassium
  • Citrate
  • Bicarbonate
40
Q

What are the 4 types of lamellae in lamellar bone?

A
  • Concentric lamellae around the Haversian canal
  • Interstitial, irregular lamellae between osteons
  • External circumferential lamellae beneath the periosteum
  • Internal circumferential lamellae lining the bone marrow cavity
41
Q

What are lamellae?

A

Parallel sheets of collagen type 1

42
Q

What is the structure found at the centre of a Haversian system?

A

Haversian, central canal

43
Q

What would you find between the successive layers of concentric lamellae?

A

Osteocyte lacunae

44
Q

What is the cement line?

A

Outer boundary of an osteon containing collagen, other non-collagensous protein and minerals

45
Q

Name the canals that communicate Haversian canals

A

Volkmann’s transverse perforating canals

46
Q

Identify the tissue

  • Non-lamellar bone
  • Low mineral content
  • High number of osteocytes
  • Random arrangement of collagen type I fibers
A

Woven bone

47
Q

State the location of woven bone

A

Embryo
Calvaria
Insertion of tendons
Callus (bone repair site)

48
Q

Temporary bone is

  • Lamellar
  • Woven
A

Woven

49
Q

How does bone remodelling occur?

A

Osteoclasts break down bone

Osteoblasts form new bone and deposit minerals in it

50
Q

What happens when osteoclasts are overstimulated?

A
  • Lose their mobility
  • Increase resorptive activity

So they bore into one area of the bone
Instead of sweeping a large area

51
Q

Name the hormone that stimulates osteoclasts

A

Parathyroid (Parathormone)

52
Q

Name the hormone that inhibits osteoclasts

A

Osteocalcin

53
Q

A patient arrives at the Emergency department after suffering a sudden fracture in his leg. He complains of severe pain. After many tests and a biopsy, the doctors determine that he suffers from osteosarcoma. This type of tumour originates in which bones cells?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells or osteoblasts

54
Q

Osteoporosis is common in which patients?

A

Immobilised patients
Post menopausal women
Old people

55
Q

What is the cause of osteoporosis?

A

Imbalance in bone turnover causing reduced bone mineral density

56
Q

A genetic mutation that leads to defective collagen type I and brittle bones is a characteristic of which disease?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

57
Q

Calcium or vitamin D deficiency in children causes which disease?

A

Rickets

58
Q

Which vitamin is important for calcium absorption in the stomach?

A

Vitamin D

59
Q

Epiphyseal plate distortion and bone deformities in children due to weight are characteristics of which bone disease?

A

Rickets

60
Q

Calcium or vitamin D deficiency in adults causes which bone disease?

A

Osteomalacia

61
Q

Deficiency in calcium in adult bones causes

A

Decalcification of existing bone

Deficient calcification of new bone

62
Q

Softening of bones in adults is a characteristic feature of which bone disease?

A

Oseteomalacia

63
Q

What are the effects of Softening of bones in osteomalacia?

A

Increased tendency of both major and minor fractures causing pain

M1 B2 - Histology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions