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M1 B2 - Histology > Collagen (L5) > Flashcards

Collagen (L5) Flashcards

1
Q

The most abundant protein in the body is

A

Collagen

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2
Q

Name the main amino acids in the collagen

A

Proline
Hydroxyproline
Hydroxylysine
Glycine

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3
Q

Which cells secrete collagen in CT proper?

A

Fibroblasts

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4
Q

Which cells secrete collagen in Bone?

A

Osteoblast

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5
Q

Which cells secrete collagen in Cartilage?

A

Chondroblast

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6
Q

Which type of collagen is the most abundant in human body?

A

Type 1

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7
Q

Collagen types are divided into 3 groups. Name them.

A
  1. Fibrillar Collagen
  2. Network / Sheet-forming Collagen
  3. Linking and Anchoring Collagen
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8
Q

Which types of collagen are classed as Fibrillar collagen?

A

Types I, II, III

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9
Q

Which groups of collagens aggregate to form fibrils?

A

Fibrillar Collagen

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10
Q

Synthesis of collagen occurs:

A/ Intracellular
B/ Extracellular
C/ Both

A

Both

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11
Q

What happens to the polypeptide after it detaches from ribosome during collagen synthesis?

A

It enters rER cisternae

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12
Q

What is the substance required for hydroxylation of proline and lysine?

A

Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) as cofactor

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13
Q

Vitamin C acts as a ___________ In collagen synthesis

A

Cofactor

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14
Q

What is the location of hydroxylation of lysine and proline during collagen synthesis?

A

rER

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15
Q

State the structure of procollagen

A

3 alpha chains forming a triple helix

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16
Q

After the 3 alpha chains form procollagen, what will happen?

A

Procollagen is transported to Golgi body, packaged into vesicles then secreted by exocytosis

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17
Q

What is the function of procollagen peptidase?

A

Enzymatic cleavage of procollagen producing tropocollagen

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18
Q

How are collagen fibrils formed?

A

By aggregating tropocollagen

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19
Q

State the structure of tropocollagen.

A

3 alpha chains in a triple helix about 300nm long and 1.5nm in diameter

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20
Q

What are collagen fibres formed of?

A

Cross-striated collagen fibrils every 67nm

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21
Q

Every third amino acid in collagen is __________

A

Glycine

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22
Q

Each alpha chain is made of approximately __________ amino acids

A

1000

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23
Q

Ehler-Danlos Syndrome is caused by?

A

Faulty collagen

24
Q

State the locations of Collagen Type I

A 
Bones
Ligaments 
Tendons 
Fibrocartilage
Skin dermis
25
Q

Which type of cartilage is present in tendons and ligaments?

A

Type I

26
Q

Which type of cartilage is present in skin dermis?

A

Type I

27
Q

What is the structure type I collagen?

A

Large banded collagen fibres

28
Q

Which of the following is a short banded, non-branched collagen fibre?

A/ Type I
B/ Type II
C/ Type III
D/ Type V

A

Type II

29
Q

An example of Network (Sheet-forming) collagen is

A

Type IV

30
Q

Collagen secreted by epithelial cells is type?

A

Type IV

31
Q

State the location of Type IV collagen

A

External laminae and all epithelial basal lamina

32
Q

Linking (Anchoring) Collagen is formed by which type of collagen?

A

Type VII

33
Q

What is the function of linking collagen?

A

Short collagens that connect Fibrillar Collagen to each other

34
Q

Hyaline cartilage, Elastic Cartilage and vertebral discs contain which type of collagen?

A

Type II

35
Q

Vitreous of the eye contains Type ________ collagen

A

Type II

36
Q

Type V collagen is found in?

A

Basement membranes of placenta

37
Q

What is the main cause of scurvy?

A

Vitamin C deficiency

38
Q

Vitamin C / Ascorbic Acid is a cofactor for which of the following enzymes?

A/ Glycine hydroxylase
B/ Prolyl Hydoxylase
C/ Glutamate Hydroxylase

A

Prolyl Hydroxylase

39
Q

Mutation that leads to change of 1 amino acid on collagen type I causes which disease?

A

Osteogenesis Impefecta

40
Q

A patient comes to the emergency department with ruptured eyeball. On physical examination he is found to have hyperelastic skin. Name the disease he is suffering from.

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI

41
Q

A patient comes to the emergency department with ruptured eyeball. On physical examination he is found to have hyperelastic skin. State the possible cause of his symptoms

A

Faulty hydroxylation of lysine

42
Q

A patient suffers from frequent subluxation of the eyelid and appears to have increased joint mobility. Name this condition and state its cause

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII caused by decrease in procollagen peptidase activity

43
Q

A patient suffers from gum ulcers. Blood tests reveal that he has vitamin C deficiency. Name the disease he is suffering from.

A

Scurvy

44
Q

A patient comes to the ER complaining of spontaneous fractures and bone deformities. On performing a general physical exam, it was found that he also suffers from cardiac insufficiency. Which disease is he suspected to have?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

45
Q

A patient is brought to the ER by ambulance after suffering intestinal rupture. Name a genetic disease that could cause this condition.

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV

46
Q

A patient is brought to the ER by ambulance after suffering aortic rupture. Upon examining him the doctor suspects that he suffers from Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type IV. What is the cause of this disease?

A

Faulty translation or transcription of collagen type III

47
Q

An African-American woman attends the dermatology clinic complaining of overgrowth of tissue following an injury. She wishes to have this disfigurement removed. Biopsy reveals that it is made of collagen type III. What is this overgrowth called?

A

Keloid scar

48
Q

An African-American woman attends the dermatology clinic complaining of overgrowth of tissue following an injury. She wishes to have this disfigurement removed but the doctor advises against this. Why?

A

This is a keloid scar. It will likely reform.

49
Q

Overgrowth of tissue containing type I collagen following injury is called?

A

Keloid scar

50
Q

Which types of collagen are found in a Keloid scar?

A

Collagen types I and III

51
Q

What is Scleroderma / Systemic Sclerosis?

A

Autoimmune dysfunction leads to fibrosis (overproduction of fibres)

Symptoms:
1/ Thick, tight skin 
2/ Thickening of blood vessels that disturbs their function —> causes hypertension
3/ Tissue damage 
4/ Collagen scars on lungs and kidneys
52
Q

A young child is brought to ENT clinic due to hearing loss. The doctor prescribes hearing aids for her.
A year later, the child begins complaining of pain on the posterior abdominal with blood in her urine.
Which genetic disease can explain her unrelated symptoms?

A

Alport Syndrome

53
Q

A young child is brought to ENT clinic due to hearing loss. The doctor prescribes hearing aids for her.
A year later, the child begins complaining of pain on the posterior abdominal with blood in her urine.
The doctor suspects she has Alport Syndrome and orders DNA genotyping to confirm this.
What is the cause of Alport Syndrome?

A

Inherited defect in Type IV collagen

54
Q

What is the cause of Osteoarthritis?

A

Degradation of collagen fibres in joints

55
Q

Is collagen an inelastic or elastic protein?

A

Inelastic

56
Q

A homeless women arrives at the ER after breaking her leg. Examination reveals that she has lost many teeth due to gum ulcers. She also has very brittle bones.
Which vitamin deficiency explains her condition?

A

Vitamin C deficiency

M1 B2 - Histology (5 decks)

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