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MTM > Connective Tissue Histology > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Histology Flashcards

1
Q

4 basic classifications of tissue

A
  • Muscle
  • Epithelia
  • Connective tissue
  • Nervous tissue
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2
Q

What does connective tissue have roles in?

A
  • Structural support
  • Tensile strength
  • Binding tissues together
  • Immune defence
  • Metabolism and energy storage
  • Cushioning
  • Elasticity
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3
Q

What is connective tissue proper?

A

Non-specialised connective tissue

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4
Q

2 forms of connective tissue proper

A
  • Loose connective tissue
  • Dense connective tissue
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5
Q

Components of connective tissue

A
  • Cells
  • Extracellular matrix
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6
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix?

A
  • Ground substance
  • Fibres
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7
Q

What is the ground substance made of?

A
  • Glycosaminoglycans
  • Proteoglycans
  • Water
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8
Q

What are the fibres in the extracellular matrix?

A
  • Collagen
  • Elastin
  • Reticular
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9
Q

What is the main cell type in non-specialised connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

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10
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts?

A

Produce and maintain the extracellular matrix

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11
Q

Fixed cells in connective tissue and their functions

A
  • Fibroblast
  • Fibrocytes (inactive fibroblasts)
  • Adipocytes (fat cells)
  • Macrophages (phagocytic)
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12
Q

What are wandering connective tissue cells?

A

Immune cells that can move into connective tissue when required

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13
Q

Examples of wandering connective tissue cells (and their function)

A
  • Plasma cells (produce antibodies)
  • Eosinophils (consume foreign substances)
  • Neutrophils (phagocytic)
  • Lymphocytes
  • Mast cells (inflammatory, histamine production)
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14
Q

What glycosaminoglycan often is the backbone of ground substance?

A

Hyaluronic acid

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15
Q

What do glycosaminoglycans contain that affects pH and what is the effect?

A
  • Negative side chains
  • Makes it acidic
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16
Q

Benefits of ground substance being hydrophilic and binding water

A
  • Makes it strong to resist compressive forces
  • Provides volume
  • Allows good diffusion
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17
Q

General structure of elastin

A

Thin and branched

18
Q

What is the precursor of elastin and how is it turned into elastin?

A
  • Tropoelastin
  • Polymerised to elastin
19
Q

What is required for the formation of elastin?

A

Fibrillin scaffold

20
Q

What is fibrillin?

A

Glycoprotein produced by fibroblasts

21
Q

Function of elastin

A

Allows stretch and recoil to maintain shape

22
Q

Where are elastin fibres found in the body?

A
  • Skin
  • Ears
  • Arteries
  • Lungs
  • Bladder
23
Q

Structure of collagen

A
  • Triple alpha helix
  • Thick with no branching
24
Q

Types of collagen (and where they are found)

A
  • Type I (bone, skin, tendons, ligaments)
  • Type II (cartilage)
  • Type III (reticular fibres)
  • Type IV (basement membrane)
25
Q

Function of reticular fibres

A

Form framework of organs/glands and blood vessels

26
Q

What is basement membrane?

A

Specialised extracellular matrix that usually underlies epithelial cells

27
Q

Where else can basement membrane be found?

A
  • Surrounding some cells
  • Separating 2 sheets of cells
28
Q

Make up of loose connective tissue (no. of cells, amount of ground substance, no. and arrangement of fibres)

A
  • Many cells
  • Mostly ground substance
  • Some fibres, loosely + randomly arranged
29
Q

Function(s) of loose connective tissue

A
  • Binds structures
  • Diffusion
30
Q

Make up of dense irregular connective tissue (no. of cells, amount of ground substance, arrangement of fibres)

A
  • Fewer cells
  • Less ground substance
  • More fibres, randomly arranged
31
Q

Function(s) of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Withstand pressure from different directions

32
Q

Make up of dense regular connective tissue (no. of cells, amount of ground substance, arrangement of fibres)

A
  • Fewer cells
  • Less ground substance
  • More fibres, arranged in parallel
33
Q

Function(s) of dense regular connective tissue

A

Resist forces in one direction (tensile strength)

34
Q

Types of adipose tissue

A
  • White
  • Brown
35
Q

Lipid droplet arrangements in the different adipose tissues

A
  • White = 1 big droplet
  • Brown = multiple small droplets
36
Q

Where are the different adipose tissues typically found?

A
  • White = adults
  • Brown = newborns, adult around kidney
37
Q

What is brown adipose tissue rich in and what is its function?

A
  • Mitochondria and capillaries
  • Thermogenesis
38
Q

Symptoms of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome and what causes it?

A
  • Fragile, extra elastic skin and hypermobile joints
  • Mutation of type I, III or V collagen
39
Q

Symptoms of Marfan’s Syndrome and what causes it?

A
  • Long digits + arms and tissues rich in elastic fibres (eg. aorta - risk of aneurysm) affected
  • Mutation of fibrillin
40
Q

Symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta and what causes it?

A
  • Brittle bones/malformations
  • Mutation of type I collagen
41
Q

Symptoms of chondrodysplasia and what causes it?

A
  • Cartilage defects and joint abnormalities
  • Mutation of type II collagen

MTM (19 decks)

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