Connective Tissue

Question 1

What is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues?

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Question 2

What are the major functions of connective tissue?

Answer 2

It binds, supports, protects, insulate, store reserve fuel, and transport substances.

Question 3

What are the four classes of connective tissue?

Answer 3

Connective tissue proper
Bone
Cartilage
Blood

Question 4

What are the 3 characteristics of connective tissues?

Answer 4

All have common embryonic origin. Have varying degrees of vascularity. Cells are suspended/embedded in extracellular matrix.

Question 5

All connective tissues have what three elements?

Answer 5

Cells, fibers, and ground substance

Question 6

What two elements make up the extracellular matrix?

Answer 6

Ground substance and fibers

Question 7

What are “Blast” cells?

Answer 7

Cells that are immature and actively secrete ground substance and ECM fibers.

Question 8

What are “Cyte” cells?

Answer 8

Cells that are mature. A less active form of “Blast” cell that now becomes part of helps maintain health of matrix.

Question 9

Where can you find fibroblasts?

Answer 9

Connective proper tissue

Question 10

Where can you find chondroblasts?

Answer 10

Cartilage

Question 11

Where can you find osteoblasts?

Answer 11

Cartilage

Question 12

What is the strongest and most abundant type of tissue fibers?

Answer 12

Collagen

Question 13

What are elastic fibers made up of?

Answer 13

Elastin fibers

Question 14

What type of fiber is short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers?

Answer 14

Reticular

Question 15

What 3 types of fibers provide support?

Answer 15

Collagen, elastic fibers, and reticular

Question 16

What is the ground substance?

Answer 16

Unstructured gel-like material that fills space between cells.

Question 17

What are the four main classes of connective tissue?

Answer 17

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Blood
Bone

Question 18

What are the 2 subclasses of connective tissue proper?

Answer 18

Loose and dense connective tissue

Question 19

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissues?

Answer 19

Areolar, adipose, reticular

Question 20

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissues?

Answer 20

Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic

Question 21

What are 2 types of adipose tissue?

Answer 21

White fat and brown fat

Question 22

What type of fat contains many mitochondria?

Answer 22

Brown fat

Question 23

The cells in white fat are called what?

Answer 23

Adipocytes

Question 24

What type of dense connective tissue proper consists of closely packed bundles of thick collagen fibers that run parallel to direct of pull?

Answer 24

Dense regular

Question 25

What is the main cell type present in dense regular tissue?

Answer 25

Fibroblasts

Question 26

What are examples of dense regular tissue?

Answer 26

Tendons and ligaments

Question 27

What type of dense connective tissue proper forms sheets rather than bundles?

Answer 27

Dense irregular

Question 28

Where can you find dense irregular tissue proper?

Answer 28

Dermis of skin, fibrous joint capsules, fibrous coverings of some organs

Question 29

Where can you find dense connective tissue proper, elastic?

Answer 29

Walls of many large arteries and some ligaments

Question 30

What is a tough yet flexible material that lacks nerve fibers?

Answer 30

Cartilage

Question 31

True or False. Cartilage receives nutrients from membrane surrounding it.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 32

Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

Question 33

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

Answer 33

Hyaline cartilage

Question 34

What type of cartilage has properties between hyaline and dense regular tissue?

Answer 34

Fibrocartilage

Question 35

What is the most common cell found in the blood?

Answer 35

Red blood cells

Question 36

What are soluble proteins that precipitate during blood clotting?

Answer 36

Fibers

Question 37

True or false. The blood has more collagen compared to cartilage.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What produces matrix?

Answer 38

Osteoblasts

Question 39

What maintains the matrix?

Answer 39

Osteocytes

Question 40

Function of bone:

Answer 40

Support/protect body structure. Stores fat and synthesizes blood cells in cavities.

Question 41

How often is spongy bone replaced?

Answer 41

every 3-4 years

Question 42

How often is compact bone replaced?

Answer 42

Every 10 years

Question 43

What are two types of bone?

Answer 43

Spongy and compact bone

Question 44

About how much bone mass is recycled each week?

Answer 44

5-7%

Question 45

What does bone remodeling consist of?

Answer 45

Bone resorption and bone deposition

Question 46

The new bone matrix is deposited by what?

Answer 46

Osteoblasts

Question 47

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Answer 47

Dig depressions or grooves as they break down matrix

Question 48

What regulates bone remodeling?

Answer 48

Hormones and response to mechanical stress

Question 49

What is produced by parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels?

Answer 49

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 50

What stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone?

Answer 50

PTH

Question 51

When does PTH secretion stop?

Answer 51

When homeostatic calcium levels are reached.

Question 52

What is wolff's law?

Answer 52

Bones grow or remodel in response to demands placed on them.

Question 53

True or false. Bones reflect stress they encounter.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Mechanical stress determines ______ it occurs.

Answer 54

Where

Question 55

Hormonal controls determine whether and ______ remodeling occurs in response to changing blood calcium level.

Answer 55

when