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A+P > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues?

A

Connective tissue

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2
Q

What are the major functions of connective tissue?

A

It binds, supports, protects, insulate, store reserve fuel, and transport substances.

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3
Q

What are the four classes of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper
Bone
Cartilage
Blood

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4
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of connective tissues?

A

All have common embryonic origin. Have varying degrees of vascularity. Cells are suspended/embedded in extracellular matrix.

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5
Q

All connective tissues have what three elements?

A

Cells, fibers, and ground substance

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6
Q

What two elements make up the extracellular matrix?

A

Ground substance and fibers

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7
Q

What are “Blast” cells?

A

Cells that are immature and actively secrete ground substance and ECM fibers.

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8
Q

What are “Cyte” cells?

A

Cells that are mature. A less active form of “Blast” cell that now becomes part of helps maintain health of matrix.

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9
Q

Where can you find fibroblasts?

A

Connective proper tissue

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10
Q

Where can you find chondroblasts?

A

Cartilage

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11
Q

Where can you find osteoblasts?

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

What is the strongest and most abundant type of tissue fibers?

A

Collagen

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13
Q

What are elastic fibers made up of?

A

Elastin fibers

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14
Q

What type of fiber is short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers?

A

Reticular

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15
Q

What 3 types of fibers provide support?

A

Collagen, elastic fibers, and reticular

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16
Q

What is the ground substance?

A

Unstructured gel-like material that fills space between cells.

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17
Q

What are the four main classes of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper
Cartilage
Blood
Bone

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18
Q

What are the 2 subclasses of connective tissue proper?

A

Loose and dense connective tissue

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19
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissues?

A

Areolar, adipose, reticular

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissues?

A

Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic

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21
Q

What are 2 types of adipose tissue?

A

White fat and brown fat

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22
Q

What type of fat contains many mitochondria?

A

Brown fat

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23
Q

The cells in white fat are called what?

A

Adipocytes

24
Q

What type of dense connective tissue proper consists of closely packed bundles of thick collagen fibers that run parallel to direct of pull?

A

Dense regular

25
Q

What is the main cell type present in dense regular tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

26
Q

What are examples of dense regular tissue?

A

Tendons and ligaments

27
Q

What type of dense connective tissue proper forms sheets rather than bundles?

A

Dense irregular

28
Q

Where can you find dense irregular tissue proper?

A

Dermis of skin, fibrous joint capsules, fibrous coverings of some organs

29
Q

Where can you find dense connective tissue proper, elastic?

A

Walls of many large arteries and some ligaments

30
Q

What is a tough yet flexible material that lacks nerve fibers?

A

Cartilage

31
Q

True or False. Cartilage receives nutrients from membrane surrounding it.

A

True

32
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

33
Q

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

34
Q

What type of cartilage has properties between hyaline and dense regular tissue?

A

Fibrocartilage

35
Q

What is the most common cell found in the blood?

A

Red blood cells

36
Q

What are soluble proteins that precipitate during blood clotting?

A

Fibers

37
Q

True or false. The blood has more collagen compared to cartilage.

A

True

38
Q

What produces matrix?

A

Osteoblasts

39
Q

What maintains the matrix?

A

Osteocytes

40
Q

Function of bone:

A

Support/protect body structure.

Stores fat and synthesizes blood cells in cavities.

41
Q

How often is spongy bone replaced?

A

every 3-4 years

42
Q

How often is compact bone replaced?

A

Every 10 years

43
Q

What are two types of bone?

A

Spongy and compact bone

44
Q

About how much bone mass is recycled each week?

A

5-7%

45
Q

What does bone remodeling consist of?

A

Bone resorption and bone deposition

46
Q

The new bone matrix is deposited by what?

A

Osteoblasts

47
Q

What is the function of osteoclasts?

A

Dig depressions or grooves as they break down matrix

48
Q

What regulates bone remodeling?

A

Hormones and response to mechanical stress

49
Q

What is produced by parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

50
Q

What stimulates osteoclasts to resorb bone?

A

PTH

51
Q

When does PTH secretion stop?

A

When homeostatic calcium levels are reached.

52
Q

What is wolff’s law?

A

Bones grow or remodel in response to demands placed on them.

53
Q

True or false. Bones reflect stress they encounter.

A

True

54
Q

Mechanical stress determines ______ it occurs.

A

Where

55
Q

Hormonal controls determine whether and ______ remodeling occurs in response to changing blood calcium level.

A

when

A+P (9 decks)

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