Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
What is an atrial septal defect?
It’s a hole in the septum between the right and left atria.
Which atrial Septal Defect is most common?
Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
What is the major concern with primum atrial septal defect?
the degree of residual mitral regurgitation, which if they become severe will need valve replacement.
What is ventricular Septal Defect?
A hole in the septum between the right and left ventricles.
Which disease can be at risk of bacterial endocarditis?
Ventricular septal defect
What is Eisenmenger Syndrome?
Pulmonary hypertension that can be a complication of any congenital heart disease with a left-to-right shunt.
Eisenmenger syndrome is most commonly associated with?
VSD
What is a patent ductus arteriosus?
Condition in which the ductus arteriosus, which is the fetal connection between the aorta and the main pulmonary artery, fails to close normally after birth.
How do you typically treat PDA?
Catheter intervention
What is pulmonary stenosis?
Narrowing at the level of the pulmonic valve causing obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.
Which syndrome can complicate Pulmonary Stenosis after the procedure?
Noonan’s syndrome
What are favourable factors to consider after 2-3 years of pulmonary intervention?
- Residual gradient of less than 30 mmHg
- good right ventricular function
- no right-to-let shunt at the foramen ovale
- no significant tricuspid regurgitation
- no arrhythmia
What is congenital aortic stenosis?
Narrowing of the aortic valve that prevent opening fully and obstruct blood flow from left ventricle into the aorta.
What is the coarctation of the Aorta?
Narrowing of the thoracic aorta that causes obstruction of blood flow through the aorta.
What are the best cases for COA?
- normal aortic valve
- arm/leg systolic pressure difference of less than 10 mmHg
- arm BP of less than 130/80
- exercise BP of less than 190/90
- MRI of the aorta within the last 5 years showing no sign of aneurysm.
- no coronary risk factor.
What are the anatomic changes of the tetraology of Fallot?
- ventricular septal defect
- right ventricular outflouw obstruction
3.anterior displacement of the aorta - right ventricular hypertrophy
Underwriting factors for tetralogy of Fallot?
age at repair
size of pulmonary arteries
outflow patch across the pulmonary valve ring
marked right ventricular dilatation from severe pulmonary regurgitation
arrhythmias
presence of RBBB or LBBB
several anatomic and repair variation
What is the transposition of the great arteries?
aorta and pulmonary artery are reversed.
What is the treatment for transposition of the great arteries?
Arterial Switch Operation
What is tricuspid atresia?
Complete Blockage of the tricuspid valve. Surgery is the correction.
What is pulmonary atresia with ventricular Septal Defect?
Right ventricular connection to the pulmonary artery is blocked, with a VSD, this lesion is considered a severe form of tetralogy of Fallot.
What is pulmonary atresia with intact septum?
Rare cyanotic lesion with pulmonary valve obstruction.
What is aortic and mitral atresia?
Lesions are the basis for hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
What is Fontan Operation?
Used to palliate cases of tricuspid atresia and less commonly right ventricular disorders including Ebstein malformation of the tricuspid valve, and most commonly univentricular hearts.
