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ALU 301 > Childhood Cancer > Flashcards

Childhood Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Which cancer is the most frequent in childhood?

A

Leukemia

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2
Q

What is the second most frequent malignancy in children and teens?

A

Brain tumours

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3
Q

What is the most common juvenile brain lesion?

A

Astrocytoma

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4
Q

What are the treatments for astrocytoma?

A

Radiation, chemotherapy and surgery.

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5
Q

What is the most lethal type of astrocytoma?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme.

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6
Q

Which brain tumors occurs almost exclusively in children?

A

Medulloblastoma.

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7
Q

What is a complication with medulloblastoma?

A

Complete removal is difficult.

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8
Q

What is the most common extracranial tumor in childhood?

A

Neuroblastoma.

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9
Q

Most cases of neuroblastoma arise where?

A

In the abdomen (either in an adrenal gland or sympathetic ganglia nearby)

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10
Q

What are other abnormalities in neuroblastoma (other than tumor mass)?

A

anemia
high platelet
iron counts
catecholamine are often elevated

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11
Q

What are treatment for neuroblastoma?

A

Surgery often is not effective
Chemotherapy
Bone marrow transplant
Radiation

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12
Q

What are the three separate elements from Wilm’s tumor?

A

blastema, epithelia and stroma.

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13
Q

Most common sign of a Wilms’ tumor?

A

Asymptomatic mass or swelling.

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14
Q

What are the treatment for Nephroblastoma?

A

Surgery and chemotherapy. Radiation can be used.

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15
Q

What is the cancer with one of the highest rate of cure in pediatric cancer therapy?

A

Retinoblastoma

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16
Q

What is a sign of retinoblastoma?

A

Leukocoria - white papillary reflex to the reflection of light found during eye exam.

17
Q

What are treatments of retinoblastoma?

A

Used to be removal of eye, only used when 50% of the retina is involved with tumor.
Now radiation therapy and chemotherapy if scared it goes into the blood.

18
Q

Those with familial type of retinoblastoma are in a significant risk of developing a second cancer. What is the most common second cancer?

A

Soft tissue sarcomas.

19
Q

What are the two most common bone tumors?

A

Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.

20
Q

What are the treatment for bone tumors?

A

Surgery
Often chemotherapy since pulmonary metastases happens frequently.

21
Q

Which has a better prognosis? Osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma?

A

Ewing

22
Q

What is the most common pediatric sarcoma?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

23
Q

What are the treatment for Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

Surgery
Chemo to shrink the tumor
Radiation to control local spread

24
Q

What are the two most common problems for juvenile cancer survivors?

A

Psychological and psychosocial.

ALU 301 (10 decks)

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