Advanced Cancer Underwriting Flashcards
What is germ-line mutations?
Hereditary cancer.
What is somatic Mutation?
Environmental factord
Which cancers are strongly associated with HIV?
Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma.
What is targeted therapy/chemotherapy?
Cytotoxic agents that targets specific proteins that are more abundant or active in cancer.
What is the first and mort remarkable targeted therapy?
Rituximab
What does rituximab do?
It binds to only CD20 and destroy the cells. It’s good for NHL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. - B-cell disease.
What is tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors?
A tyrosine kinase inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug that inhibits tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine kinases are enzymes responsible for the activation of many proteins by signal transduction cascades. Good for CML
What is anti-Angiogenesis Agent?
To stop blood vessels to feed the tumor, so it won’t grow.
What is targeted Cell Therapies?
Combination of targeted chemotherapy, immunotherapy and genetic engineering.
Harvesting patient T cell genetically modify them, and put them back in patient.
What is the leading cancer death?
Lung Cancer (most popular is breast, but not as deadly)
Lung Adenocarcinoma arises from?
Cells which normally produce mucus - linked with non-smoker.
Squamous cell or epidermoid cancer arises from?
cells lining the lung and is strongly connected with smoking.
Large cell lung cancer is a ‘waste-basket term’, it refered to?
Cancers cells that are not clearly adenocarcinoma or epidermoid cancer cells.
What are the treatment for lung cancer?
Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.
Which type of lung cancer has a dismal prognosis?
All small cell lung cancers.
What kind of tumor are most pancreatic cancers?
Adenocarcinomas
What are some test that chronic hep b people can do to check for liver cancer?
yearly ultrasound and blood test for AFP
What are the treatment for gallbladder and bile duct cancer?
Only possible is surgical.
What five forms does thyroid cancer comes in?
- Papillary cancer - most common
- Follicular thyroid
- Medullary cancer, rare, mostly genetic
- Anaplastic rarest, very few survivors
- Mixed form of thyroid, combination
What are tumor markers?
Substance that can indicate the presence, size or aggressiveness of a malignancy in the body.
Which tumor marker is for pancreatic cancer?
CA 19-9
Why are some reason for older people to die from the same cancer as younger ?
- Normal increase in mortality associated with being older
- cancer in question is deadlier in older people.
- Observation is confounded by another factor.
- Combination of these factors.
