Congenital Abnormalities (Upper Extremity)

Question 1

Hypoplasia of radius

Demo

Answer 1

Hypoplasia/aplasia- radius + radial structures shrunk or absent

Uncommon

Question 2

Congenital trigger thumb

Answer 2

Constant FLX interphalangeal jt - stenosis of tendon sheath of FPL

2ndry enlarg @ prox edge of stenosis/constrict

Question 3

Spina bifida

Epidem

Most common segment of spine:

Most signf. defect aspect

Answer 3

Vert don’t form properly

Most comn congenital abn of spine, mild.

Lumbosacral

Neurological

Question 4

Spina bifida meningocele

Spina bifida occulta

Spina bifida myelocele

Answer 4

No or little neurological defect, meninges extrude

No ext. manifestation, dermatoid cyst in or out of spinal cord, most cmn

More severe, skin/dura mater fail to close, spinal cord/nerve exposed, neurological def

Question 5

Scoliosis

Clinical manifest

Answer 5

Most cmn (R) thoracic, 
(L) lumbar

Back (P), asym shoulder+pelvis, compen curve for head

> 3deg Female 10:1, severe > 60deg, resp defect, sublux, sciatic, disk disease

Idiopathic 80% - majority adolsecent

Question 6

Klippel-deil syndrome

Clinical signs

Answer 6

Synostosis of cervical spine (fusion btw vertebrae)

High scap, tissue web from mastoid to shoulder, low post. hair

Question 7

Muscular torticollis

Etiology

Tx

Answer 7

SCM swells, recedes + contracture. Wry Neck = loxia

Unknown, 40% difficult delivery

Stretch, surgery SCM division

Question 8

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Epid

Prog

Answer 8

Weakness + fragility of bones. Fail periosteal/endosteal intramem ossif

Hereditary, relv cmn

Osteoporosis

Question 9

Multiple exostoses

Answer 9

Diaphyseal aclasis - multi outgrwth of cartilage

Autosomal dominant (50% chance inherit) gene from one parent copy

Question 10

Osteoarthritis DJD

Epidem/Demo prog

Prog

Tx

Answer 10

Most comn jt disease+MSK disorder

Prog inflammation - weigt bearing jt+hand (more women)

Men earlier onset

Local, won’t shorten life

High Vit C, D, Glucosamine, decr obesity