Common pathology of lower extremity

Question 1

Menisci Injury: ____ more vulnerable as more ____

Ratio of types injuries
More often _____

Answer 1

Medial more mobile

Medial 6:1 lateral

Young men

Question 2

Clinical Mani: Menisci tear

Tx

Avoid ____- bc leads to ___

Answer 2

Can’t fully extend, only FLX, Quad atrophy

Syn effusion

Partial meniscectomy arthroscopy or meniscal repair

total resection - degen disease

Question 3

____ is more affected knee ligament.

Severe injury also tears ____ meniscis and ____ligament - lead to

Answer 3

MCL

Medial meniscus and ACL

Hemaarthirosis, swelling

Question 4

MCL tear Tx

Answer 4

Immobiliz 6 weeks,
hemarthosis aspiration
isometric quad and
surgical repair if necess

Question 5

Abnormal hyperextension tears_____

____ knee is unstable

Answer 5

ACL

Flexed knee

Question 6

Injured ACL/PCL test:

Tx of lig tear

Answer 6

Anterior drawer sign and posterior drawer sign of tibia

Str quad + hamstring to stabiize, 6 week cast
Walk, isometric

Question 7

Patella fracture: Crush fracture by

Communited fracture types:

Answer 7

Direct fall or blow on flexed knee

Undiscplaced vs displaced, multifragmented vs, lower or upper pole, osteopchondral

Question 8

Shin splint - (P) across ____ of ___

Most common cause
Other causes:

Answer 8

(P) across MED DIS 2/3 of tibia

Overstress of ANT. tib muscle (high-impact on hard/unstable surface)

Periostits, stress frax

Question 9

Shin splint Tx

____ exercises to balance w/___

Progress more commonly in____

Answer 9

Rest, icing for inflam

Str exercises to ant. Mm to balance w/ calf Mm

Women 2-3:1

Question 10

ankle lig: Most common

Sprained by _____ (ROM mvmt)

Swelling @ _____

Answer 10

ATFL: Ant Talofib ligam

Inversion and plantar flx

Ant to lat mall (overstretch)

Question 11

Ankle jt sprain: also impacts ____ ligament

Leads to ___ on the ____ of the foot

Answer 11

CFL (calcfib ligament)

Discoloration, lat side of foot

Question 12

Grade 1 ankle spr tx

Answer 12

Crutch, Ice, soak in hot water for residualedema

Question 13

Grade 2 ankle spr is ____ lig tear

Tx

Answer 13

ATFL tear

Immobil in dorsi and eversion (bring split ends closer)

6 weeks max

Question 14

Grade 3 ankle spr is ____ lig tear

____ on x-ray

Tx

____ heal post-surgery

Answer 14

ATFL and CFL

Talar tilt on X-ray

Below knee cast for 6 weeks
Surgery w/i first 6 hrs of injury+cast

6 weeks to heal

Question 15

Achilles rupture can happen from ____ (ROM) or simple___ at ___(age) or degen chg from____

Answer 15

sudden dorsiflx resist by calf contrac

Simple run/jump @ mid-age

Cortison injecti

Question 16

Achilles rupture usually _____ (gender)

Unable to ___

Test

Tx

Answer 16

Male

Walk

Calf squeezing and no PLFX

Early surgical repair > non-operative

Question 17

Plantar Fascitis aka

____ reaction due to ___ of ____ @ origin on ____

Answer 17

Painful heel synd

Inflam reax re: chronic irritation of plantar apo @ calc

Question 18

Etiologic Plantar Fascitis

Answer 18

Weight-bearing: Jog, lift obj

Flat feet, high arch