Conflict Management Flashcards
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs would one seek to satisfy first?
Social Safety Self-actualization Physiological Ego
Physiological
Job enrichment would be more successful for people with:
high growth need strength. positive instrumentality. low valence. negative instrumentality. low growth need strength.
high growth need strength.
Which of the following best describes extinction?
- It refers to withdrawing or failing to provide a reinforcing consequence.
- It is the perceived outlook that performance may be followed by a negative outcome.
- It involves the aggressive manipulation and exploitation of others.
- It refers to administering an aversive consequence.
- It involves removing or withholding an undesirable consequence.
It refers to withdrawing or failing to provide a reinforcing consequence.
Motivation for employees can come from an interesting project, a completed sale, or the discovery of a perfect solution, all of which
are examples of:
positive reinforcers. extrinsic rewards. hygiene factors. intrinsic rewards. negative reinforcers.
intrinsic rewards.
Harry has been promoted because of his hard work. Judy, his colleague, feels that it is unfair and that he does not deserve the promotion.
In this case, Judy illustrates _____.
high expectancy low valence negative valence negative instrumentality low instrumentality
negative valence
Following Herzberg’s model, Hackman and Oldham proposed a more complete model of _____.
job design reinforcement empowerment expectancy self-actualization
job design
A person can restore _____ in a number of ways by behaviorally or perceptually changing inputs and outcomes.
valence loyalty equity autonomy power
equity
Alderfer’s ERG theory postulates that people have three basic sets of needs: _____, relatedness, and growth, which can operate
simultaneously.
effectiveness ego existence expectancy effort
existence
_____ performance goals can be dysfunctional when people work in a group if the goals create competition among team members.
Integrated Individual Fixed Socialized Team
Individual
According to McClelland’s needs theory, the need for _____ involves a strong desire to be liked by other people.
affiliation association personalized power achievement socialized power
affiliation
Key beliefs in the expectancy theory include expectancy and _____.
outcomes relatedness inputs affiliation instrumentality
instrumentality
A psychological contract is described as:
- a set of perceptions of what employees owe their employers, and what their employers owe them.
- the legal concept that an employee may be terminated for any reason.
- a set of conditions to ensure the fairness of decisions made by employers.
- a set of conditions of non-disclosure signed by an employee on joining the organization.
- an agreement implying fair treatment of employees without any discrimination in terms of race or gender.
a set of perceptions of what employees owe their employers, and what their employers owe them.
Rachel has been exceeding her targets for the past two months, and therefore her boss decided to give her a bonus. This is an example
of _____ reinforcement.
affiliative negative authoritative positive cognitive
positive
The goal-setting theory states that:
- people will behave based on their perceived likelihood that their effort will enable them to attain their performance goals.
- people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end.
- people assess how fairly they have been treated according to two key factors, outcomes and inputs.
- people will behave based on their perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome.
- behavior that is followed by positive consequences will likely be repeated.
people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end.
The use of reinforcement or punishment in organizational settings is an integral part of:
organizational change management.
management by objectives.
organizational behavior modification.
employee empowerment programs.
quality of work life programs.
organizational behavior modification.
