Conduct investigations and Identification Flashcards
The 2 key tasks of any investigation are
Gathering and preserving evidence
Documentation
Appropriate and accountable decision making is based on knowledge of
The legal framework
Characteristics of crime
National policies and proceedures
The 7 parts of making a good decision
Acknowledge a problem exists
Identify, isolate and analyze the problem
Formulate an objective
Gather all info to determine how the aim can be achieved
Draw up a list of all ways it can be achieved
Weigh and study each alternative
Prepare plan for putting it in to action
What is individual bias
Decision making that is unconsciously effected. Personal perceptions of people, places, situations etc.
What is verification bias
Focussed on making decisions that support only a certain point of view and overlooking alternative lines of enquiry
Steps in the appreciation technique
Develop and aim or objective
Factors to consider
Courses open
Develop a plan
What 4 things are critical to an investigative mindset
Critical thinking
Decision making
Appreciation technique
Evaluation
What is ‘material’
Substance of any kind including information and objects, sounds and images, obtained through investigation that has some bearing on any offence or any person being investigated or on the circumstances of the case
Potential sources of material (8)
Victims Witnesses Suspects Locations CCTV Phones Banks Intelligence databases
Most common formats of material
Statements Documents Reports Physical exhibits Fingerprints Images Audio and video recordings
Material is generated by an offence. It is dependent on the use to which it is put. Material becomes one of 3 things to an investigator, name them
Information
Intelligence
Evidence
A hearsay statement is admissible if:
The circumstances relating to the statement provide reasonable assurance the statement was reliable
The maker of the statement is unavailable
The judge considers that undue expense or delay would be caused for the maker
What is ABC
Assume nothing
Believe nothing
Corroborate everything
Investigation evaluation is:
What is/isn’t known
Conflicts
All available information
Material is split up into 3 parts
R
R
A
Relevance
Reliability
Admissibility
Visual identification evidence
An assertion by a person on what that person saw to the effect that the defendant was present or near , either direct or circumstantially, a commission of an offence that was done at or about the time the act was done
When is/isn’t visual identification evidence admissible/inadmissible
Followed the formal procedure or a good reason for not following
No good reason for not following the proceedure
7 requirements for formal proceedures
Asap No fewer than 7 others No indication of the suspect May or may not be among them Written record to be sworn to be true Pictorial record to be sworn and provided to court Complies with relevant regulations
6 good reasons for not following a formal identification procedure
Suspect refuses and police dont hold a current photo
Suspect has a singular/unique appearance that can’t be disguised
Substantially changed their appearance
No officer involved could have reasonably anticipated id would be an issue
An Id was made soon after the offence
Id of suspect was made by a chance meeting
Is a suspect required to attend a formal id parade and why?
No. No person charged with an offence can be compelled to attend. They are entitled to have their lawyer present.
You can ask for a current photo but they can refuse
