Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles and Techniques of Patient Care > Conditions 2 > Flashcards

Conditions 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The fourth leading cause of death in the US, with 12.1 million diagnosed cases in 2008.

A

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

COMMON CONDITIONS for Cardiovascular Diseases

A

Ischemic Conditions
Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What occurs when there is insufficient blood flow, leading to inadequate oxygenation of tissues due to a blocked blood vessel.

A

Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the condition, which can affect all vessels of the body, is the cause of ischemia in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is commonly known as coronary heart disease.

A

Arteriosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the condition where chest pain occurs due to ischemia of the heart muscle.

A

Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When does cardiac failure occur?

A

Heart failure occurs when a disease process or congenital defect causes a decrease in the pumping capability of the heart muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T or F
Serious damage to the right ventricle from an infarct can result in inadequate contraction, leading to blood backup into the lungs or limited function in response to physical activity.

A

FALSE
Serious damage to the left ventricle from an infarct can result in inadequate contraction,
leading to blood backup into the lungs or limited function in response to physical activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When the heart muscle is compromised to the point that it cannot effectively move blood volume, what develops?

A

congestive heart failure (CHF) develops.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common Conditions for the Pulmonary

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Restrictive Lung Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A group of disorders that have specific
physical symptoms.

A

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

are bronchial asthma and cystic fibrosis are what diseases?

A

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

occurs when the lungs cannot adequately supply oxygen to or retrieve carbon dioxide from the red blood cells.

A

Hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cause a decrease in the ability of the lungs to expand

A

Restrictive lung diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This leads to a decrease in the volume of air that can move into and out of the lungs.

A

Restrictive lung diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Invasive Procedures

A

Cardiac catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Noninvasive Procedures Cardio

A

echocardiography,
electrocardiography,
exercise testing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

uses high-frequency ultrasound to assess the size, thickness, and motion of the heart chambers and valves.

A

Echocardiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

an alternative method that provides a better view of
the heart by placing the transducer in the esophagus.

A

Transesophageal echocardiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

common and inexpensive method to evaluate heart
function. It records the electrical activity of the heart.

A

Electrocardiography (ECG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T or F
ECG allows assessment of heart rate and rhythm and can detect abnormal rhythms.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a common noninvasive method used to assess the lungs, chest wall, and heart.

A

Chest imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T or F
Radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are different techniques used for chest imaging.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

uses ionizing radiation to generate a chest image, with dense tissues appearing white and air spaces appearing black.

A

Radiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

involves taking pictures of small slices of the chest and lungs using x-rays and then using a computer to create a single image.

A

CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

uses CT to image the pulmonary arteries after injecting a radiocontrast agent.

A

CTPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

uses magnetic waves instead of x-rays to create chest images.

A

MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

involves inhaling radioactive isotopes and injecting them into the bloodstream
to locate and assess ventilation and perfusion in the lungs.

A

V /Q scan

24
Q

a medical procedure that uses a flexible fiberoptic tube.
- The tube is inserted into the bronchial tree to visualize the structures.

A

Bronchoscopy

24
Q

involves assessing arterial blood to determine the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

A

Blood Gas Analysis

24
Q

assess the effectiveness of the respiratory musculature and the integrity of the airways and lung tissue.
- The tests can help classify lung disease patterns as obstructive or restrictive.

A

Pulmonary Function Tests

25
Q

What should PTs do when working in pedia case?

A

Use play
Work with family

26
Q

What will be PTs observe during pediatric cases?

A

PTs observe developmental milestones.
Look for discrepancies between child’s chronologic and developmental age or whether inefficient motor patterns are limiting the child’s function.

26
Q

Impairments in social interactions, communication skills, unusual activities and interests (repetitive behaviors, poor play skills)

A

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs)

26
Q

T or F
Children are unique, NOT miniature versions of adults.

A

TRUE

26
Q

What is the medium used for observation and intervention in pediatric conditions.

A

Play is the medium used for observation and intervention.

27
Q

Developed by World Health Organization (WHO)
Incorporates concepts of enablement and disablement processes
Considers impact of health disorder or disease on impairments (in body structure and function), activity limitations, and participation restrictions

A

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)

27
Q

Group of disorders caused by nonprogressive lesion of the brain
Most often during gestation, at birth, or immediately after birth
Common symptoms include lack of control of nerve and muscle activity

A

Cerebral palsy (CP)

27
Q

Common Conditions for Pediatric cases?

A

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs)
Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT)
Clubfoot
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)
Scoliosis
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Spinal muscular atrophy
Neural tube defects
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
Cerebral palsy (CP)

28
Q

when is autism usually diagnosed

A

3 y/o

29
Q

From in utero positioning
If accompanied by craniofacial deformities, then described as plagiocephaly
Shortened sternocleidomastoid muscle, which results in head turned to opposite side and tilted down

A

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT)

30
Q

Foot turned up and in

A

Clubfoot

31
Q

Autoimmune disorder
Cause unknown
Joint pain, swelling, decreased motion, stiffness, muscle atrophy

A

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

31
Q

Lateral curvature of the spine
Cause may be idiopathic (unknown), neuromuscular, or congenital
Detected early because of school exams

A

Scoliosis

31
Q

Abnormal development of structures surrounding the hip joint
Children with spina bifida or certain forms of CP are more prone to this condition
Requires manual or surgical relocation of head of femur into socket

A

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

31
Q

Females carry, but males display symptoms
Symptoms usually begin at age 3 to 5 years with progressive muscle weakness
Calf muscles appear enlarged

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

31
Q

Affects collagen development resulting in poor bone development and frequent fractures
Fetal form associated with high mortality rates; infantile form associated with frequent fractures

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

31
Q

Complications include muscle contractures, scoliosis, and wheelchair dependence
Life span decreased from pneumonia, muscle weakness, and cardiac myopathies

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

31
Q

Severe muscle weakness in infancy and progressive respiratory failure

A

Spinal muscular atrophy

31
Q

Extra copy of chromosome 21
Now can prenatally diagnose with ultrasonography
Low muscle tone, flat facial profile, upward-slanted eyes, short stature, slowed growth and development, varying levels of intellectual ability

A

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

31
Q

Dysfunction of gross and fine motor coordination, awkward running, frequent falling, slow reaction times, immature balance reactions, poor handwriting, difficulty with ADLs

A

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

32
Q

failure of closure at base of brain; death results

A

Anencephaly

33
Q

Group of disorders caused by nonprogressive lesion of the brain
Most often during gestation, at birth, or immediately after birth
Common symptoms include lack of control of nerve and muscle activity
Approximately half of individuals with CP have intellectual disabilities

A

Cerebral palsy (CP)

33
Q

Believed from significant alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Recent studies suggest genetic predisposition
Intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, distinct facial features

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

33
Q

Believed to cause motor problems, but recent studies do not support this

A

Prenatal cocaine exposure

33
Q

Psychosocial changes

A

May face discrimination
Adjustment to retirement
Depression from functional deterioration and social isolation

34
Q

Roles for PTs and PTAs with older adults

A

Besides clinical practitioners, PTs and PTAs also serve as
Educators (family members and caregivers)
Experts in prevention
Consultants
Administrator (manager of clinical services)
Researcher

34
Q

Most common inherited chronic disorder in white children
Disorder of exocrine glands and involves lungs, pancreas, reproductive organs, and sweat glands.
Production of thick mucus with progressive lung damage
Improved treatment has increased length and quality of life

A

Cystic fibrosis

34
Q

Age-related changes in geriatric conditions

A

Musculoskeletal deficiencies
Decreased flexibility
Weight-bearing joints deteriorate
Central nervous system (CNS)
Sensory
Cardiovascular system
Balance loss
Cognitive function
Psychosocial changes

34
Q

Autoimmune disease
Inflammation of joints
Warm, stiff

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

35
Q

Commonly in weight-bearing joints but also hands and big toes

A

Osteoarthritis

35
Q

Not part of normal aging process
Decreased mineralization of bones
More common in women
Primary role of PT is prevention of injury.

A

Osteoporosis

36
Q

Persons older than age 65 years sustain 86% of hip fractures in the United States.
Significantly diminishes ability to perform ADLs and IADLs
PT essential after surgery; focuses on early mobility, transfer training, gait training, weight-bearing precautions, use of assistive devices

A

Hip fracture

36
Q

Affects 25% of persons older than 65 years of age
Insufficient insulin action (production or absorption) results in excessive glucose in blood
Complications include renal failure, peripheral neuropathies, poor circulation that causes skin ulceration, coronary artery disease, and retinopathies

A

Diabetes

36
Q
A
36
Q
A

Principles and Techniques of Patient Care (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions