Conditions 2

Question 1

The fourth leading cause of death in the US, with 12.1 million diagnosed cases in 2008.

Answer 1

COPD

Question 2

COMMON CONDITIONS for Cardiovascular Diseases

Answer 2

Ischemic Conditions
Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction

Question 3

What occurs when there is insufficient blood flow, leading to inadequate oxygenation of tissues due to a blocked blood vessel.

Answer 3

Ischemia

Question 4

What is the condition, which can affect all vessels of the body, is the cause of ischemia in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is commonly known as coronary heart disease.

Answer 4

Arteriosclerosis

Question 5

the condition where chest pain occurs due to ischemia of the heart muscle.

Answer 5

Angina

Question 6

When does cardiac failure occur?

Answer 6

Heart failure occurs when a disease process or congenital defect causes a decrease in the pumping capability of the heart muscle.

Question 7

T or F
Serious damage to the right ventricle from an infarct can result in inadequate contraction, leading to blood backup into the lungs or limited function in response to physical activity.

Answer 7

FALSE
Serious damage to the left ventricle from an infarct can result in inadequate contraction,
leading to blood backup into the lungs or limited function in response to physical activity.

Question 8

When the heart muscle is compromised to the point that it cannot effectively move blood volume, what develops?

Answer 8

congestive heart failure (CHF) develops.

Question 9

Common Conditions for the Pulmonary

Answer 9

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Restrictive Lung Disease

Question 10

A group of disorders that have specific
physical symptoms.

Answer 10

COPD

Question 11

are bronchial asthma and cystic fibrosis are what diseases?

Answer 11

COPD

Question 12

occurs when the lungs cannot adequately supply oxygen to or retrieve carbon dioxide from the red blood cells.

Answer 12

Hypoxemia

Question 13

cause a decrease in the ability of the lungs to expand

Answer 13

Restrictive lung diseases

Question 14

This leads to a decrease in the volume of air that can move into and out of the lungs.

Answer 14

Restrictive lung diseases

Question 15

Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Invasive Procedures

Answer 15

Cardiac catheterization

Question 16

Noninvasive Procedures Cardio

Answer 16

echocardiography,
electrocardiography,
exercise testing.

Question 17

uses high-frequency ultrasound to assess the size, thickness, and motion of the heart chambers and valves.

Answer 17

Echocardiography

Question 18

an alternative method that provides a better view of
the heart by placing the transducer in the esophagus.

Answer 18

Transesophageal echocardiography

Question 19

common and inexpensive method to evaluate heart
function. It records the electrical activity of the heart.

Answer 19

Electrocardiography (ECG)

Question 19

T or F
ECG allows assessment of heart rate and rhythm and can detect abnormal rhythms.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

a common noninvasive method used to assess the lungs, chest wall, and heart.

Answer 20

Chest imaging

Question 21

T or F
Radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are different techniques used for chest imaging.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 21

uses ionizing radiation to generate a chest image, with dense tissues appearing white and air spaces appearing black.

Answer 21

Radiography

Question 22

involves taking pictures of small slices of the chest and lungs using x-rays and then using a computer to create a single image.

Answer 22

CT

Question 23

uses CT to image the pulmonary arteries after injecting a radiocontrast agent.

Answer 23

CTPA

Question 23

uses magnetic waves instead of x-rays to create chest images.

Answer 23

MRI

Question 23

involves inhaling radioactive isotopes and injecting them into the bloodstream to locate and assess ventilation and perfusion in the lungs.

Answer 23

V /Q scan

Question 24

a medical procedure that uses a flexible fiberoptic tube. - The tube is inserted into the bronchial tree to visualize the structures.

Answer 24

Bronchoscopy

Question 24

involves assessing arterial blood to determine the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Answer 24

Blood Gas Analysis

Question 24

assess the effectiveness of the respiratory musculature and the integrity of the airways and lung tissue. - The tests can help classify lung disease patterns as obstructive or restrictive.

Answer 24

Pulmonary Function Tests

Question 25

What should PTs do when working in pedia case?

Answer 25

Use play Work with family

Question 26

What will be PTs observe during pediatric cases?

Answer 26

PTs observe developmental milestones. Look for discrepancies between child’s chronologic and developmental age or whether inefficient motor patterns are limiting the child’s function.

Question 26

Impairments in social interactions, communication skills, unusual activities and interests (repetitive behaviors, poor play skills)

Answer 26

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs)

Question 26

T or F Children are unique, NOT miniature versions of adults.

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 26

What is the medium used for observation and intervention in pediatric conditions.

Answer 26

Play is the medium used for observation and intervention.

Question 27

Developed by World Health Organization (WHO) Incorporates concepts of enablement and disablement processes Considers impact of health disorder or disease on impairments (in body structure and function), activity limitations, and participation restrictions

Answer 27

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)

Question 27

Group of disorders caused by nonprogressive lesion of the brain Most often during gestation, at birth, or immediately after birth Common symptoms include lack of control of nerve and muscle activity

Answer 27

Cerebral palsy (CP)

Question 27

Common Conditions for Pediatric cases?

Answer 27

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) Clubfoot Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) Scoliosis Developmental dysplasia of the hip Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) Duchenne muscular dystrophy Spinal muscular atrophy Neural tube defects Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) Down syndrome (trisomy 21) Cerebral palsy (CP)

Question 28

when is autism usually diagnosed

Answer 28

3 y/o

Question 29

From in utero positioning If accompanied by craniofacial deformities, then described as plagiocephaly Shortened sternocleidomastoid muscle, which results in head turned to opposite side and tilted down

Answer 29

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT)

Question 30

Foot turned up and in

Answer 30

Clubfoot

Question 31

Autoimmune disorder Cause unknown Joint pain, swelling, decreased motion, stiffness, muscle atrophy

Answer 31

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA)

Question 31

Lateral curvature of the spine Cause may be idiopathic (unknown), neuromuscular, or congenital Detected early because of school exams

Answer 31

Scoliosis

Question 31

Abnormal development of structures surrounding the hip joint Children with spina bifida or certain forms of CP are more prone to this condition Requires manual or surgical relocation of head of femur into socket

Answer 31

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Question 31

Females carry, but males display symptoms Symptoms usually begin at age 3 to 5 years with progressive muscle weakness Calf muscles appear enlarged

Answer 31

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 31

Affects collagen development resulting in poor bone development and frequent fractures Fetal form associated with high mortality rates; infantile form associated with frequent fractures

Answer 31

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

Question 31

Complications include muscle contractures, scoliosis, and wheelchair dependence Life span decreased from pneumonia, muscle weakness, and cardiac myopathies

Answer 31

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 31

Severe muscle weakness in infancy and progressive respiratory failure

Answer 31

Spinal muscular atrophy

Question 31

Extra copy of chromosome 21 Now can prenatally diagnose with ultrasonography Low muscle tone, flat facial profile, upward-slanted eyes, short stature, slowed growth and development, varying levels of intellectual ability

Answer 31

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

Question 31

Dysfunction of gross and fine motor coordination, awkward running, frequent falling, slow reaction times, immature balance reactions, poor handwriting, difficulty with ADLs

Answer 31

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

Question 32

failure of closure at base of brain; death results

Answer 32

Anencephaly

Question 33

Group of disorders caused by nonprogressive lesion of the brain Most often during gestation, at birth, or immediately after birth Common symptoms include lack of control of nerve and muscle activity Approximately half of individuals with CP have intellectual disabilities

Answer 33

Cerebral palsy (CP)

Question 33

Believed from significant alcohol consumption during pregnancy Recent studies suggest genetic predisposition Intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, distinct facial features

Answer 33

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Question 33

Believed to cause motor problems, but recent studies do not support this

Answer 33

Prenatal cocaine exposure

Question 33

Psychosocial changes

Answer 33

May face discrimination Adjustment to retirement Depression from functional deterioration and social isolation

Question 34

Roles for PTs and PTAs with older adults

Answer 34

Besides clinical practitioners, PTs and PTAs also serve as Educators (family members and caregivers) Experts in prevention Consultants Administrator (manager of clinical services) Researcher

Question 34

Most common inherited chronic disorder in white children Disorder of exocrine glands and involves lungs, pancreas, reproductive organs, and sweat glands. Production of thick mucus with progressive lung damage Improved treatment has increased length and quality of life

Answer 34

Cystic fibrosis

Question 34

Age-related changes in geriatric conditions

Answer 34

Musculoskeletal deficiencies Decreased flexibility Weight-bearing joints deteriorate Central nervous system (CNS) Sensory Cardiovascular system Balance loss Cognitive function Psychosocial changes

Question 34

Autoimmune disease Inflammation of joints Warm, stiff

Answer 34

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 35

Commonly in weight-bearing joints but also hands and big toes

Answer 35

Osteoarthritis

Question 35

Not part of normal aging process Decreased mineralization of bones More common in women Primary role of PT is prevention of injury.

Answer 35

Osteoporosis

Question 36

Persons older than age 65 years sustain 86% of hip fractures in the United States. Significantly diminishes ability to perform ADLs and IADLs PT essential after surgery; focuses on early mobility, transfer training, gait training, weight-bearing precautions, use of assistive devices

Answer 36

Hip fracture

Question 36

Affects 25% of persons older than 65 years of age Insufficient insulin action (production or absorption) results in excessive glucose in blood Complications include renal failure, peripheral neuropathies, poor circulation that causes skin ulceration, coronary artery disease, and retinopathies

Answer 36

Diabetes