concept quiz 4

Question 1

Reflex Arc
What it is and what neurons are involved

Answer 1

-It turns around in the spinal cord (flinching) never reaches the brain
-sensory Neurons, inner neurons, and motor neurons

Question 2

Endocrine System
What it is/does

Answer 2

-regulates hormones
-Made up of ductless glands (not neurons and neurotransmitters)

Question 3

Glands in endocrine system

Answer 3

-Thyroid – Metabolism
-pineal – Sleep-Wake Cycles
-Adrenal Glands – Excites Nervous System
-Pancreas – Blood Sugar
-Ovaries/Testes – Sex Hormones

Question 4

Master Gland

Answer 4

Pituitary Gland - “Master Gland” - located in Brain - under the control of the hypothalamus

Question 5

Hormones and how they function

Answer 5

Secrete hormones - chemical messengers (bloodstream)

Question 6

Limbic system and what it does

Answer 6

-4-interconnected structures
-Emotion, motivation, and memory
-Basic Drives
Hunger, sex, aggression
Fight or Flight

Question 7

Parts of limbic system

Answer 7

-Thalamus – processes sensory information and relays messages
-Hypothalamus – motivation & emotion - pleasure center - food, water, and sex, directs activity of pituitary gland (homeostasis)
-Amygdala - related to fear and aggression
-Hippocampus - memory functions

Question 8

Peripheral System
Somatic vs autonomic

Answer 8

-Somatic or Skeletal Division - Controls Voluntary actions

-Autonomic - Involuntary - Automatic Functions - digestion, respiration

Question 9

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic

Answer 9

Sympathetic: Fight or Flight

Parasympathetic: Rest/Calm

Both responses triggered by neurotransmitters!

Question 10

Hindbrain

Answer 10

-Brainstem - oldest part of brain (Reptilian)
-Medulla (Oblongata) - Heart rate and breathing
-Pons - Sleeping and coordination between right and left side of body
-Cerebellum - Voluntary movement & balance, reflexes

Question 11

Midbrain

Answer 11

-Generally helps generate movement in response to sensory input
-Reticular Formation extends from hindbrain through midbrain - filters and relays information
Vision & Hearing
Arousal (Sleep/Wake)
Coordinates motor responses

Question 12

Forebrain

Answer 12

Processing information related to:
-Complex cognitive activities
-Sensory and associative (link) functions
-Voluntary motor activities
-Cerebrum

Question 13

Cerebrum

Answer 13

Outermost layer…Cerebral Cortex
-2 Hemispheres
Right & Left connected by Corpus Callosum
-Each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes
-Deep within the center is the Limbic System

Question 14

Cerebral cortex

Answer 14

wrinkled appearance allows larger surface area to fit into the skull

Question 15

frontal lobe

Answer 15

planning, judgement, personality
higher level cognitive functions

Question 16

parietal lobe

Answer 16

spatial abilities and sensory integration
touch and temperature

Question 17

occipital lobe

Answer 17

visual cortex
processes visual formation

Question 18

temporal lobe

Answer 18

auditory cortex
hearing and language comprehensive

Question 19

hemispheres of the brain

Answer 19

-right- controls left side of body- non verbal emotional expression and visual spatial tasks
-left- controls right side of body- language abilities, speech, reading, and writing
-corpus callosum communicates between the two halves

Question 20

split brain

Answer 20

cutting the corpus callosum
differences in hemispherical function were demonstrated
-used to stop or reduce recurring epileptic seizures

Question 21

cortical localization

Answer 21

different functions are located or localized in different areas of the brain

Question 22

somatosensory cortex

Answer 22

receives sensory info from body

Question 23

motor cortex

Answer 23

body’s movements

Question 24

Broca’s area

Answer 24

left frontal lobe
-responsible for forming speech with mouth
-damaged? can comprehend language but cant speak

Question 25

wernicke’s area

Answer 25

left temporal lobe
- area responsible for listening, meaningful speech, and comprehensive
-damaged? can speak quickly and easily but speech is often nonsensical

Question 26

aphasia

Answer 26

impaired use of language

Question 27

Neuroplasticity

Answer 27

• is the ability to change function and structure
• The ability of the brain to regenerate, and adapt to changing conditions
• responses to brain damage