Concept quiz 2

Question 1

Total group of individuals or subjects to be studied

Answer 1

Population

Question 2

A portion of the total to be used in research

Answer 2

Sample

Question 3

Each person has equal chance

Answer 3

Random sample

Question 4

Naturalistic observation

Answer 4

Watching and recording behaviors of organisms in their natural habitat
Pro- get very natural behavior that is not changed or manipulated
Cons- tells us what but not why
Time consuming
Observer doesn’t have control
Observer bias

Question 5

Case study

Answer 5

Intensive in a
study of one person or small group
Pro- great info lots of conclusions about the person
Con- may not
generalize to a large population
Confabulation (honest lying)
Hindsight bias

Question 6

Survey method

Answer 6

Measured habits, attitudes, values, and preferences (2 types written and verbal)
Pro- great deal of info
Cons- wording effect
Low response rate and social desirability (to fit in)
Sample can be an issue

Question 7

Statistical relationship between two variables

Answer 7

Correlation

Question 8

Both variables go in the same direction both go up or down

Answer 8

Positive correlation

Question 9

One variable goes up while the other goes down

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

Experimental

Answer 10

Purpose: to demonstrate cause and effect
How: manipulated the factors of interest
Holds constant (controls) other factors

Question 11

Correlation does not…

Answer 11

Equal causation

Question 12

Experimental factor that is manipulated, the treatment itself

Answer 12

Independent variable

Question 13

The behavior measured; the factor that might be impacted by changes on the independent variable

Answer 13

Dependent variable

Question 14

Receiving treatment

Answer 14

Experimental group

Question 15

Not receiving treatment

Answer 15

Control group

Question 16

Environmental or participant factors that can affect the outcome

Answer 16

Extraneous variable

Question 17

A type of extraneous variable that changes with the independent variable making it difficult to determine what was causing the change in the dependent variables

Answer 17

Confounding variable

Question 18

Sugar pill, false treatment (confounding variables)

Answer 18

Placebo effect

Question 19

Blind vs double blind

Answer 19

Blind- the subjects don’t know which group they r in
Double blind- subjects and researchers don’t know which group they’re in

Question 20

Consistency/ stability of a measure

Answer 20

Reliability

Question 21

Did the experiment measure what it was supposed too

Answer 21

Validity

Question 22

Measured what it intended to

Answer 22

Internal validity

Question 23

Finding can be generalized to a population

Answer 23

External validity

Question 24

Research ethics (what and why)

Answer 24

Written guideline for participant treatment
To protect them

Question 25

Confidentiality

Answer 25

Keeping personal info safe

Question 26

Right to be informed of risks and ability to withdraw anytime

Answer 26

Informed consent

Question 27

Acceptable if not harmful to individual

Answer 27

Deception