Chapter 13 concept quiz Flashcards
How are abnormality and typicality are related?
Abnormality is outside the range of normal- not typical (Typicality)
Abnormal is not always negative
3 “benchmarks” for determining if someone has a psych disorder
3 Ds of abnormal behavior
-Dysfunction
-Distress
-Deviance
Define psych disorder
Set of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that are significantly distressing and disabling in terms of social functioning, work endeavors, and other aspects of life
Term for the study of psych disorders
Psychopathology
3 general “causes” of psych disorders
-inherited
-environmental/ developmental (pre-birth or after)
- brain chemistry
One of the main factors that keeps people from seeking the help they need with Psych Disorders.
stigma: negative attitude about a group of people based on certain characteristics they share
Standard guide used by psychology professionals to classify disorders for the purpose of diagnosing.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Classification
- Currently DSM 5
-Over 260 Disorders in 20 Categories
How does anxiety differ from fear?
Fear is a response to perceived threat vs Anxiety is worry about a threat that has not or may not happen
Panic Attack vs Panic Disorder
-Attack: episode of extreme, intense panic lasting 30 seconds to 10 minutes- no trigger -Disorder: repeated attacks and worry about having another attack
-both have symptoms of chest pains, choking sensation, fear of dying or going crazy, sweating, trembling, and/or nausea
Panic Disorder can be frustrating because the trigger is considered what?
Unknown. There is no apparent trigger (free floating)
Understand how the 3 types of learning are involved in developing and strengthening phobias. 2 used for developing phobias and 1 for strengthening that involves a specific type of reinforcement.
Developing:
-classical conditioning: little Albert
-observational learning:watching others experiences
Strengthening:
-operant conditioning: negative/ stronger avoid
-Negativity reinforced
Define PTSD and the 2 major components of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder- traumatic event occurring to self or others is the trigger
Obsessive compulsive disorder- obsessions: uncontrollable thoughts
Compulsions: uncontrollable rigid behaviors
-Both are strengthened by negative reinforcement during operant conditioning
Seasonal Affective Disorder vs Major Depressive Disorder.
-Major depressive disorder: intense persistent depressed mood- lasts at least two weeks- gaps between episodes
-Seasonal affective disorder: major depressive disorder which occurs during the winter months of low sunlight and rainy climates
Which neurotransmitter is thought to be an issue with SAD?
Melatonin
Suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland
Know the difference between Bipolar 1 and 2 on the euphoric “pole”
Bipolar 1- more severe highs (mania) followed by hypo mania or depressive episode. May not experience depression.
Bipolar 2- one sever depressive episode followed by hypomania (not full mania)
Bipolar 2 is similar to Bipolar 1 but the mania is not as intense however, depression can be more extreme in bipolar 2
What is meant by actual psychosis? What components of Schizophrenia place this disorder in the class of psychosis?
-a break with reality
-hallucinations and delusions
Positive Symptoms vs Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
-Positive (add/excess)
Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, abnormal motor
-negative (removal/limited)
Withdrawal/ reduced pleasure, decreased emotional response/ flat affect, decreased speech function and motor
Purpose of Dissociative Disorders.
disturbances in psychological functions. of memory, consciousness, perception, or identity
- Defense mechanisms/ protect ego
Dissociative Disorders can result in 1 of 2 things (the hallmarks of the two types of Dissociative Disorders)…what are those two things?
A special type of memory loss involving travel
—— dissociative Amnesia: loss of memory with no physical cause
——dissociative Identity disorder: 2 or more personalities are formed”
- Dissociative Fugue sometimes occurs as a part of Dissociative Amnesia
- Loss of memory and unexpected travel away from the home
Personality Disorders vs Negative Personality Traits
What does it take to be diagnosed with a Personality Disorder?
Behaviors deviate in at least 2 of the following areas: -cognition (perception of self/others/situation)
-emotional responses -interpersonal functioning
-impulse control
What makes Antisocial Personality Disorder so concerning?
Where do we see high diagnoses of Antisocial Personality Disorder?
manipulative and violates the rights of others with no remorse, lie, cheat, or steal to get what they want
Found in 50% of prisoners, more men then women, and a conduct disorder in children
Anorexia vs Bulimia
Both of these Eating Disorders usually involve what perception issue?
Anorexia- Refusal to eat the proper amount of calories.
Bulimia-Binge eating (inability to control excessive eating)
followed by purging for weight control
Both involve perception issues with body image
