Chapter 13 concept quiz

Question 1

How are abnormality and typicality are related?

Answer 1

Abnormality is outside the range of normal- not typical (Typicality)
Abnormal is not always negative

Question 2

3 “benchmarks” for determining if someone has a psych disorder

Answer 2

3 Ds of abnormal behavior
-Dysfunction
-Distress
-Deviance

Question 3

Define psych disorder

Answer 3

Set of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that are significantly distressing and disabling in terms of social functioning, work endeavors, and other aspects of life

Question 4

Term for the study of psych disorders

Answer 4

Psychopathology

Question 5

3 general “causes” of psych disorders

Answer 5

-inherited
-environmental/ developmental (pre-birth or after)
- brain chemistry

Question 6

One of the main factors that keeps people from seeking the help they need with Psych Disorders.

Answer 6

stigma: negative attitude about a group of people based on certain characteristics they share

Question 7

Standard guide used by psychology professionals to classify disorders for the purpose of diagnosing.

Answer 7

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Classification
- Currently DSM 5
-Over 260 Disorders in 20 Categories

Question 8

How does anxiety differ from fear?

Answer 8

Fear is a response to perceived threat vs Anxiety is worry about a threat that has not or may not happen

Question 9

Panic Attack vs Panic Disorder

Answer 9

-Attack: episode of extreme, intense panic lasting 30 seconds to 10 minutes- no trigger -Disorder: repeated attacks and worry about having another attack
-both have symptoms of chest pains, choking sensation, fear of dying or going crazy, sweating, trembling, and/or nausea

Question 10

Panic Disorder can be frustrating because the trigger is considered what?

Answer 10

Unknown. There is no apparent trigger (free floating)

Question 11

Understand how the 3 types of learning are involved in developing and strengthening phobias. 2 used for developing phobias and 1 for strengthening that involves a specific type of reinforcement.

Answer 11

Developing:
-classical conditioning: little Albert
-observational learning:watching others experiences

Strengthening:
-operant conditioning: negative/ stronger avoid
-Negativity reinforced

Question 12

Define PTSD and the 2 major components of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

Answer 12

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder- traumatic event occurring to self or others is the trigger
Obsessive compulsive disorder- obsessions: uncontrollable thoughts
Compulsions: uncontrollable rigid behaviors
-Both are strengthened by negative reinforcement during operant conditioning

Question 13

Seasonal Affective Disorder vs Major Depressive Disorder.

Answer 13

-Major depressive disorder: intense persistent depressed mood- lasts at least two weeks- gaps between episodes
-Seasonal affective disorder: major depressive disorder which occurs during the winter months of low sunlight and rainy climates

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is thought to be an issue with SAD?

Answer 14

Melatonin
Suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland

Question 15

Know the difference between Bipolar 1 and 2 on the euphoric “pole”

Answer 15

Bipolar 1- more severe highs (mania) followed by hypo mania or depressive episode. May not experience depression.
Bipolar 2- one sever depressive episode followed by hypomania (not full mania)

Bipolar 2 is similar to Bipolar 1 but the mania is not as intense however, depression can be more extreme in bipolar 2

Question 16

What is meant by actual psychosis? What components of Schizophrenia place this disorder in the class of psychosis?

Answer 16

-a break with reality
-hallucinations and delusions

Question 17

Positive Symptoms vs Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Answer 17

-Positive (add/excess)
Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, abnormal motor

-negative (removal/limited)
Withdrawal/ reduced pleasure, decreased emotional response/ flat affect, decreased speech function and motor

Question 18

Purpose of Dissociative Disorders.

Answer 18

disturbances in psychological functions. of memory, consciousness, perception, or identity
- Defense mechanisms/ protect ego

Question 19

Dissociative Disorders can result in 1 of 2 things (the hallmarks of the two types of Dissociative Disorders)…what are those two things?
A special type of memory loss involving travel

Answer 19

—— dissociative Amnesia: loss of memory with no physical cause

——dissociative Identity disorder: 2 or more personalities are formed”
- Dissociative Fugue sometimes occurs as a part of Dissociative Amnesia
- Loss of memory and unexpected travel away from the home

Question 20

Personality Disorders vs Negative Personality Traits
What does it take to be diagnosed with a Personality Disorder?

Answer 20

Behaviors deviate in at least 2 of the following areas: -cognition (perception of self/others/situation)
-emotional responses -interpersonal functioning
-impulse control

Question 21

What makes Antisocial Personality Disorder so concerning?
Where do we see high diagnoses of Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Answer 21

manipulative and violates the rights of others with no remorse, lie, cheat, or steal to get what they want
Found in 50% of prisoners, more men then women, and a conduct disorder in children

Question 22

Anorexia vs Bulimia
Both of these Eating Disorders usually involve what perception issue?

Answer 22

Anorexia- Refusal to eat the proper amount of calories.
Bulimia-Binge eating (inability to control excessive eating)
followed by purging for weight control

Both involve perception issues with body image