Concentration and Solubility Pt. 1 Flashcards
What is the solvent?
The thing that does the dissolving
Ex. water
what is the order when writing a solution?
solute then solvent
solute-solvent examples
gas-liquid
gas-gas
liquid-liquid
liquid-solid
solid-liquid
solid-solid
Tyndall Effect
light is scattered and dispersed into a transparent medium. a laser can’t be seen in a clear solution.
what are the two types of solutions
electrolyte and nonelectrolyte
what is a electrolyte
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
ionic
what is a nonelectrolyte
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution but doesn’t conduct an electric current
covalent
what are the two types of electrolytes
strong and weak
what makes up a strong electrolyte
- conducts electricity well
- all ions are dissolved
what makes up a weak electrolyte
- conducts electricity poorly
- small amount of ions are dissolved
what are the three things that can affect the rate of dissolutions
- increase surface area of solute
- agitate solution
- heat solution
what is a saturated solution
a solution that contains the max. amount of dissolved ions
what is a unsaturated solution
a solution that contains less solute than the max amount
more solute can be added
what is a supersaturated solution
a solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution DUE TO ADDING HEAT
“like Dissolves like” depends on what three things
- type of bonding
- polarity vs. nonpolarity
- IMF’s (intermolecular forces)
how do you identify a hydrate
when the solution has water as the solvent and ionic crystals with H2O at the end of the formula
what does immiscible mean
liquids that aren’t soluble in each other
Ex. Water and Oil
what does Miscible mean
Liquids that dissolve freely in each other
Ex. alcohol and water
What happens when the pressure is increased in a Gas-Liquid Dissolution
it increases the Gas solubility
what happens when the temperature is increases in a gas-liquid dissolution
it decreases the Gas solubility
is the solubility of Gas in a liquid directly or indirectly proportional to the pressure of gas on the surface of the liquid
directly
what is effervescence
the rapid release of a gas from a liquid that the gas is dissolved in
Ex. when bubbles and foam form from soda
what does it mean for a solution to be concentrated and not dilute
it has a large amount of solute
what does it mean for a solution to be dilute instead of concentrated
it has a small amount of solvent
what is molarity
the number of moles of solute in 1 Liter of solution
you must know the molar mass in order to find the molarity
what is molarity
the concentration of a solution in moles of solute per kg of solvent
