Acids + Bases Flashcards
what does an acid taste like
sour
what color does an acid tun litmus paper
blue
what two things do acids form during a reaction
water and salt
do acids release hydroxide or hydronium during a reaction
hydronium (H30 or H)
what is a binary acid
an acid with 2 elements
how do you name a binary acid
prefix = hydro
Suffix = -ic acid
what is an Oxyacid
an acid with an element and a polyatomic
how do you name a polyatomic
no prefix
suffix: -ate = -ic
-ite = -ous
what do bases taste like
bitter
what color do bases turn litmus paper
red
what two things do bases produce in a reaction
water and salt
do bases release hydroxide or hydronium during a reaction
hydroxide (OH)
how do you name a base
you write the element name, then hydroxide
what are the two types of acid strengths
strong acids
weak acids
do strong acids break apart easily?
yes
are strong acids strong electrolytes
yes
do weak acids break apart easily
no
are weak acids strong electrolytes
no
what are the two different base strengths
strong bases
weak bases
do strong bases break apart easily
yes
are strong bases strong electrolytes
yes
do weak bases break apart easily
no
are weak bases strong electrolytes
no
what did Arrhenius say
1) Acids increases the number of hydrogen ions in a solution
2) bases increases the number of hydroxide ions in a solution
What did Brønsted-lowry say
1) Acids donate (H+) and turns into a conjugate base
2) bases accept (H+) and turns into a conjugate acid
what did Lewis say
1) acids accepts one electron(-)
2) bases donates an electron(-)
3) they both form a covalent bond
True or False - the stronger an acid or base, the weaker the conjugate
True
True or False - the weaker an acid or base, the stronger the conjugate
True
what type of ions so portion transfers favor
weak ions
What are the 4 types of Acids
Monophonic
Diprotic
Polyprotic
Triprotic
what does monophonic mean
the element can only donate 1 proton (+) to the molecule
what does Diprotic mean
the element can donate 2 protons (H+)
what does polyprotic
the element can donate more then 2 or more protons (H+)
what does triprotic mean
the element can donate 3 protons (H+)
What does it mean for a compound to be amphoteric
they can act either as an acid or base
ex. water
what is neutralization
the reaction of hydronium (H3O) and Hydroxide (OH) to form water and salt
what is the pH of acid rain
~3 or less
what does acid rain to to the environment
damages buildings + life
What is the self ionization of water
when 2 water molecules produce hydronium (H3O) and hydroxide (OH)
what numbers are acids on the pH scale
0-6
what numbers are considered to be strong acids
0-3
what numbers are considered to be weak acids on the pH scale
4-6
what numbers on the pH scale are bases
8-14
what numbers on the pH scale are considered to be strong bases
11-14
what numbers on the pH scare are considered to be weak bases
8-10
what number on the pH scale is neutral
7
where do you start counting the SIG FIGs for the pH scale
all numbers after the decimal
What is titration
the controlled addition and measurement of a reactions between one known and one unknown concentrations
what are the three types of graph points on a titration graph
1)Midpoint
2)Equivalence points
3)end point
what is the midpoint
halfway to equivalence
what is a buffer
a solutions that resists change in pH
ex blood
what are the equivalence points
the point where the acid and base were in equal amounts
what is the end point
where indicator changes color
