AP Thermodynamics Flashcards
What is the entropy level of a perfect crystal at 0 Kelvin?
Zero
What is entropy (∆S)?
the measure of randomness of a system (the amount of chaos)
In a balanced equation, what are two factors you can look at to determine the sign of ∆S?
1) phases within the reaction (solid, liquid, gas)
2) compare mols of reactants to mols of products
what phrase is favored to describe that ∆S increases?
more microstates were formed
As temperature increases, does ∆S increase or decrease?
increases
What is the entropy level at 0˚K?
zero
what is the basic formula for calculating ∆S
∆S = Products - Reactants
what is the name for ∆G
Gibbs Free Energy
Is a +∆G favored or unfavored
unfavored
Is a -∆G favored or unfavored
favored
∆H = —
∆S = +
∆ G = ?
negative — (Always thermodynamically favored)
∆ H = +
∆S = +
∆ G = ?
thermodynamically favored only at HIGH TEMPS
∆H = +
∆S = —
∆G = ?
Positive + (never thermodynamically favored)
∆H = —
∆S = —
∆G = ?
only thermodynamically favored at LOW TEMPS
what does OIL stand for
Oxidation Is Loosing electrons
What does RIG stand for
Reduction Is Gaining electrons
what is the oxidation number of a single element
zero
what do the oxidation numbers have to add up to be if there is a charge present
the amount of the charge
Does a Galvanic Cell require a battery or power source?
battery
Does an Electrolytic Cell require a battery or a power source?
power source
Is OIL the Anode or Cathode in a Galvanic Cell?
Anode
Is RIG the Anode or Cathode in a Galvanic Cell?
Cathode
What must a Galvanic Cell contain in order for the battery to work?
a salt bridge
What does the salt bridge do in a battery?
provides cations and anions to keep the charges balanced and neutral
do cathodes increase or decrease in mass
increase
do anodes increase or decrease in mass
decrease
which way does a Galvanic Cell flow
anode to cathode
does the cathode have a positive or negative E˚
positive
does the anode have a positive or negative E˚
negative
does the OIL or the RIG have the more positive E˚
RIG
Do you flip the OIL or RIG in a half reaction of a Galvanic Cell
OIL
unless stated, what is the Molar concentration of a battery
1.0M
what is ∆G when a battery runs out
zero
in a Galvanic cell, are the components in 1 or 2 containers
2
In an Electrolytic cell are the components in 1 or 2 containers
1
Does an electrolytic cell need a salt bridge
no
Is the cathode positive or negative in a Galvanic cell
positive
Is the cathode positive or negative in an Electrolytic cell
negative
Do you flip the OIL or RIG in a half reaction of an Electrolytic cell
RIGHT
Is ∆G positive or negative in a Galvanic Cell
negative
Is ∆G positive or negative in an Electrolytic cell
positive
