AP Thermodynamics

Question 1

What is the entropy level of a perfect crystal at 0 Kelvin?

Answer 1

Zero

Question 2

What is entropy (∆S)?

Answer 2

the measure of randomness of a system (the amount of chaos)

Question 3

In a balanced equation, what are two factors you can look at to determine the sign of ∆S?

Answer 3

1) phases within the reaction (solid, liquid, gas)
2) compare mols of reactants to mols of products

Question 4

what phrase is favored to describe that ∆S increases?

Answer 4

more microstates were formed

Question 5

As temperature increases, does ∆S increase or decrease?

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

What is the entropy level at 0˚K?

Answer 6

zero

Question 7

what is the basic formula for calculating ∆S

Answer 7

∆S = Products - Reactants

Question 8

what is the name for ∆G

Answer 8

Gibbs Free Energy

Question 9

Is a +∆G favored or unfavored

Answer 9

unfavored

Question 10

Is a -∆G favored or unfavored

Answer 10

favored

Question 11

∆H = —
∆S = +
∆ G = ?

Answer 11

negative — (Always thermodynamically favored)

Question 12

∆ H = +
∆S = +
∆ G = ?

Answer 12

thermodynamically favored only at HIGH TEMPS

Question 13

∆H = +
∆S = —
∆G = ?

Answer 13

Positive + (never thermodynamically favored)

Question 14

∆H = —
∆S = —
∆G = ?

Answer 14

only thermodynamically favored at LOW TEMPS

Question 15

what does OIL stand for

Answer 15

Oxidation Is Loosing electrons

Question 16

What does RIG stand for

Answer 16

Reduction Is Gaining electrons

Question 17

what is the oxidation number of a single element

Answer 17

zero

Question 18

what do the oxidation numbers have to add up to be if there is a charge present

Answer 18

the amount of the charge

Question 19

Does a Galvanic Cell require a battery or power source?

Answer 19

battery

Question 20

Does an Electrolytic Cell require a battery or a power source?

Answer 20

power source

Question 21

Is OIL the Anode or Cathode in a Galvanic Cell?

Answer 21

Anode

Question 22

Is RIG the Anode or Cathode in a Galvanic Cell?

Answer 22

Cathode

Question 23

What must a Galvanic Cell contain in order for the battery to work?

Answer 23

a salt bridge

Question 24

What does the salt bridge do in a battery?

Answer 24

provides cations and anions to keep the charges balanced and neutral

Question 25

do cathodes increase or decrease in mass

Answer 25

increase

Question 26

do anodes increase or decrease in mass

Answer 26

decrease

Question 27

which way does a Galvanic Cell flow

Answer 27

anode to cathode

Question 28

does the cathode have a positive or negative E˚

Answer 28

positive

Question 29

does the anode have a positive or negative E˚

Answer 29

negative

Question 30

does the OIL or the RIG have the more positive E˚

Answer 30

RIG

Question 31

Do you flip the OIL or RIG in a half reaction of a Galvanic Cell

Answer 31

OIL

Question 32

unless stated, what is the Molar concentration of a battery

Answer 32

1.0M

Question 33

what is ∆G when a battery runs out

Answer 33

zero

Question 34

in a Galvanic cell, are the components in 1 or 2 containers

Answer 34

2

Question 35

In an Electrolytic cell are the components in 1 or 2 containers

Answer 35

1

Question 36

Does an electrolytic cell need a salt bridge

Answer 36

no

Question 37

Is the cathode positive or negative in a Galvanic cell

Answer 37

positive

Question 38

Is the cathode positive or negative in an Electrolytic cell

Answer 38

negative

Question 39

Do you flip the OIL or RIG in a half reaction of an Electrolytic cell

Answer 39

RIGHT

Question 40

Is ∆G positive or negative in a Galvanic Cell

Answer 40

negative

Question 41

Is ∆G positive or negative in an Electrolytic cell

Answer 41

positive