Compounds containing the carbonyl group Flashcards
What is a carbonyl group
C=O
What group is the carbonyl group present in
aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acid
Functional group of an aldehyde
R-(C=O)-H RCHO
Functional group of a ketone
R-(C=O)-R
Oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols
Primary alcohol—>aldehyde—->carboxylic acid
Secondary alcohol—>ketone
Describe a Fehling’s test
Goes from blue to producing a brick red precipitate in the presence of an aldehyde when heated. Ketones have no effect
Describe a silver mirror test
Add tollens reagent to aldehyde and warm, metallic silver precipitate is formed. No effect on ketone
What can be used to reduce aldehydes and ketones
NaBH4 in an aqueous solution (as it produces the nucleophile :H-)
What is the reduction of an aldehyde or a ketone an example of
Nucleophilic addition
What is the product of the reaction between carbonyl compound and KCN (followed by dilute acid)
A hydroxynitrile
What do aldehydes and unsymmetrical ketones form mixtures of
enantiomers when they react with KCN followed by dilute acid
Write an overall equation for the reduction of an aldehyde
RCHO + 2[H] ——> R(CH2)OH
Write an overall equation for reducing a ketone
RCR’O + 2[H] —-> RR’COH
