5.Kinetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is collision theory

A

Reactions can only occur when collisions take place between particles with sufficient energy (activation energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name all the factors that affect the rate of reaction

A
  • temperature
  • concentration of a solution
  • pressure of a gas reaction
  • surface area of solid reactants
  • using a catalyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is activation energy

A

The minimum energy that a particle needs in order to react or the enthalpy change between the reactants and the transition state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the transition state

A

The species that exists at the top of the curve of an enthalpy diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution show

A

The distribution of energy amongst the particles. It shows:

  • no particles have zero energy
  • most particles have intermediate energies
  • a few have very high energies (there is no upper limit)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why does the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution go through the origin

A

All particles have energy/ no particles have no energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why does the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution never touch the x-axis after it goes through the origin

A

There is always a probability that a particle has any energy even a very high one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the effect of temperature on a Maxwell-Boltzmann curve

A
  • curve shifts to the right
  • number of particles with very high energy increases
  • total area under the curve remains the same
  • number of particles with Ea increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are catalysts

A

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed in chemical composition or amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do catalysts work

A

They provide a different reaction pathway with a lower activation energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the effect of a catalyst on a Maxwell-Boltzmann curve

A

It moves the position of the Ea down the x-axis on the graph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe a catalytic converter

A

a honeycomb, made of a ceramic material, coated with platinum and rhodium metals (the catalysts). honeycomb to increase surface area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe 2 catalytic converters reactions

A

carbon monoxide +nitrogen oxides——> nitrogen and carbon dioxide

hydrocarbons + nitrogen oxides——> nitrogen +carbon dioxide + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the steps of the reaction that take place on the catalytic converter

A
  1. adsorption - gases form weak bonds with metals atoms of the catalyst. The gases react on the surface.
  2. desorption- the products break away from the metal atoms.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly