11. Introduction to organic chemistry Flashcards
Name all the ways organic compounds can be represented
-empirical formula
-molecular formula
-general formula
structural formula
-displayed formula
-skeletal formula
Define empirical formula
Formula that shows the simplest ratio of the atoms of each element present in a compound
Define molecular formula
Formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in the molecule
What is a displayed formula
Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule
What is a structural formula
Shows the unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule in a simplified form, without showing all the bonds
What is skeletal formula
Shows carbon-carbon bonds. Neither C or H bonds are drawn
Define functional group
An atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule which is responsible for the characteristic reactions of that molecule
What is a homologous series
A family of organic compounds with the same functional group but different chain lengths
Define isomer
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but whose atoms are arranged differently
Name the two types of isomerism
- structural
- stereoisomerism (geometric)
Name the three sub divisions of structural isomerism
- positional
- functional
- chain
What is positional isomerism
Where the same functional groups are attached to the main chain at different points
What is functional isomerism
Where functional groups are different
What is chain isomerism
Where there is a different arrangement of the hydrocarbon chain
What is structural isomerism
They have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
