Components of fitness Flashcards
The Components of Fitness Model
Allows individual aspects of fitness to be measured & compared to norms. Different sports & physical activities have different fitness requirements.
Fitness, Health & Wellness
Fitness is difficult to define as it means different things to different people in different contexts.
Health related components
- Cardiorespritory endurance
- Muscular strength
- muscular endurance
- Flexability
- Body composition
Cardiorespiratory endurance
The ability of the cardiovascular (heart, lungs & blood vessels) & respiratory system to produce aerobic energy/ATP. Together these systems deliver O2 & nutrients to muscles & remove by-products that have been produced by the body’s cells
It’s related to the ability to perform activities that involve large muscle groups, such as swimming, running & cycling for extended periods of time.
Muscular strength
The maximal force that can be generated by a muscle or muscle group in one maximal effort (1 RM)
Muscular strength is important in sports where an object needs to be moved forcefully (such as in weight-lifting) or when the body needs to hold its position against the opposing force of the opposition
Muscular endurance
The ability of the muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions (concentric, eccentric or isokinetic) for an extended period of time
Sports: Rowing, Bridge hold
Flexability
Flexibility is the range of motion (ROM) around a joint.
It is the capacity of a joint to move through its full range of motion, & reflects the ability of the muscle & connective tissue to stretch. Sports: Gymnastics, Surfing
Types of flexibility
- Static flexibility refers to a joints range of motion under stationary conditions
- Dynamic flexibility refers to the resistance to motion in a joint. Someone with good dynamic flexibility will be able to move the joint through its full range of motion quickly & easily
Body composition
The term used to describe the different components that, when taken together, make up a person’s body weight. Sports: Jockey, boxing, Sumo
Skill-Related Fitness Components
- muscular power
- coordination
- balance
- agility
- speed
- reaction time
Muscular Power
strength x speed
The ability to exert a maximal contraction quickly or in one explosive effort (often mixed up with strength) Allows athletes to jump higher, hit a ball harder. E.g. jumping events in athletics & throwing events such as javelin, hammer throw, shot put & discuss.
Coordination
Refers to the skilful and effective interaction of movements. (execute motor skills smoothly & accurately.) Coordination may involve the control of body parts (e.g. gymnastics routine) or it may involve the control of an external implement & various body parts (e.g. hockey stick). Coordination is often referred to as hand-eye, head-eye or foot-eye coordination. This refers to the body parts involved in the motor skill.
Balance
Maintaining equilibrium while stationary or moving. Static equilibrium refers to activities where balance is maintained while the body is stationary. Dynamic equilibrium refers to maintaining balance while moving. E.g. include cycling, gymnastics or surfing & these activities require more effort to maintain body balance.
Balance is specific to the task being performed & the body continually adjusts its position in order to
maintain balance in all situations. Sports: Surfing, Gymnastics, Skateboarding
Agility
The ability to change body position or direction quickly and accurately while maintaining balance
Relies on anaerobic power, speed, flexibility, dynamic balance and coordination. Evading an opponent in soccer or rugby. Reacting to an opponent fake in basketball or hockey. Dribbling the ball around an opponent in basketball or soccer.
Speed
The rate of motion (how fast you can move your body part from one point to another)
Speed = Distance x Time
E.g. Full forward in AFL repeatedly leading to take a mark, 200m sprinter.