Components of fitness Flashcards

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1
Q

The Components of Fitness Model

A

Allows individual aspects of fitness to be measured & compared to norms. Different sports & physical activities have different fitness requirements.

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2
Q

Fitness, Health & Wellness

A

Fitness is difficult to define as it means different things to different people in different contexts.

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3
Q

Health related components

A
  1. Cardiorespritory endurance
  2. Muscular strength
  3. muscular endurance
  4. Flexability
  5. Body composition
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4
Q

Cardiorespiratory endurance

A

The ability of the cardiovascular (heart, lungs & blood vessels) & respiratory system to produce aerobic energy/ATP. Together these systems deliver O2 & nutrients to muscles & remove by-products that have been produced by the body’s cells

It’s related to the ability to perform activities that involve large muscle groups, such as swimming, running & cycling for extended periods of time.

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5
Q

Muscular strength

A

The maximal force that can be generated by a muscle or muscle group in one maximal effort (1 RM)

Muscular strength is important in sports where an object needs to be moved forcefully (such as in weight-lifting) or when the body needs to hold its position against the opposing force of the opposition

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6
Q

Muscular endurance

A

The ability of the muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions (concentric, eccentric or isokinetic) for an extended period of time
Sports: Rowing, Bridge hold

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7
Q

Flexability

A

Flexibility is the range of motion (ROM) around a joint.
It is the capacity of a joint to move through its full range of motion, & reflects the ability of the muscle & connective tissue to stretch. Sports: Gymnastics, Surfing

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8
Q

Types of flexibility

A
  1. Static flexibility refers to a joints range of motion under stationary conditions
  2. Dynamic flexibility refers to the resistance to motion in a joint. Someone with good dynamic flexibility will be able to move the joint through its full range of motion quickly & easily
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9
Q

Body composition

A

The term used to describe the different components that, when taken together, make up a person’s body weight. Sports: Jockey, boxing, Sumo

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10
Q

Skill-Related Fitness Components

A
  1. muscular power
  2. coordination
  3. balance
  4. agility
  5. speed
  6. reaction time
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11
Q

Muscular Power

A

strength x speed
The ability to exert a maximal contraction quickly or in one explosive effort (often mixed up with strength) Allows athletes to jump higher, hit a ball harder. E.g. jumping events in athletics & throwing events such as javelin, hammer throw, shot put & discuss.

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12
Q

Coordination

A

Refers to the skilful and effective interaction of movements. (execute motor skills smoothly & accurately.) Coordination may involve the control of body parts (e.g. gymnastics routine) or it may involve the control of an external implement & various body parts (e.g. hockey stick). Coordination is often referred to as hand-eye, head-eye or foot-eye coordination. This refers to the body parts involved in the motor skill.

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13
Q

Balance

A

Maintaining equilibrium while stationary or moving. Static equilibrium refers to activities where balance is maintained while the body is stationary. Dynamic equilibrium refers to maintaining balance while moving. E.g. include cycling, gymnastics or surfing & these activities require more effort to maintain body balance.

Balance is specific to the task being performed & the body continually adjusts its position in order to
maintain balance in all situations. Sports: Surfing, Gymnastics, Skateboarding

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14
Q

Agility

A

The ability to change body position or direction quickly and accurately while maintaining balance
Relies on anaerobic power, speed, flexibility, dynamic balance and coordination. Evading an opponent in soccer or rugby. Reacting to an opponent fake in basketball or hockey. Dribbling the ball around an opponent in basketball or soccer.

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15
Q

Speed

A

The rate of motion (how fast you can move your body part from one point to another)
Speed = Distance x Time
E.g. Full forward in AFL repeatedly leading to take a mark, 200m sprinter.

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16
Q

reaction time

A

The time from the presentation of a stimulus to the onset of a response. Important in events where the environment is constantly changing & adjustments to movement need to be made quickly. Performers need to sort through the information presented to them via stimuli from the environment & select the most relevant cue.

17
Q

Response time

A

time taken from the presentation of a stimulus to the completion of the moment

18
Q

Reaction time

A

the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the initiation of the response. It is the time the information processing system takes to interpret the situation, formulate a motor program and transmit the information to the Muscular System.

19
Q

Movement time

A

the time taken from the initiation of the movement to the completion of the movement. It is the time the performer takes to physically complete the movement when the muscular system has received the message from the brain via the effector system.