Components of fitness

Question 1

The Components of Fitness Model

Answer 1

Allows individual aspects of fitness to be measured & compared to norms. Different sports & physical activities have different fitness requirements.

Question 2

Fitness, Health & Wellness

Answer 2

Fitness is difficult to define as it means different things to different people in different contexts.

Question 3

Health related components

Answer 3

1. Cardiorespritory endurance
2. Muscular strength
3. muscular endurance
4. Flexability
5. Body composition

Question 4

Cardiorespiratory endurance

Answer 4

The ability of the cardiovascular (heart, lungs & blood vessels) & respiratory system to produce aerobic energy/ATP. Together these systems deliver O2 & nutrients to muscles & remove by-products that have been produced by the body’s cells

It’s related to the ability to perform activities that involve large muscle groups, such as swimming, running & cycling for extended periods of time.

Question 5

Muscular strength

Answer 5

The maximal force that can be generated by a muscle or muscle group in one maximal effort (1 RM)

Muscular strength is important in sports where an object needs to be moved forcefully (such as in weight-lifting) or when the body needs to hold its position against the opposing force of the opposition

Question 6

Muscular endurance

Answer 6

The ability of the muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions (concentric, eccentric or isokinetic) for an extended period of time
Sports: Rowing, Bridge hold

Question 7

Flexability

Answer 7

Flexibility is the range of motion (ROM) around a joint.
It is the capacity of a joint to move through its full range of motion, & reflects the ability of the muscle & connective tissue to stretch. Sports: Gymnastics, Surfing

Question 8

Types of flexibility

Answer 8

1. Static flexibility refers to a joints range of motion under stationary conditions
2. Dynamic flexibility refers to the resistance to motion in a joint. Someone with good dynamic flexibility will be able to move the joint through its full range of motion quickly & easily

Question 9

Body composition

Answer 9

The term used to describe the different components that, when taken together, make up a person’s body weight. Sports: Jockey, boxing, Sumo

Question 10

Skill-Related Fitness Components

Answer 10

1. muscular power
2. coordination
3. balance
4. agility
5. speed
6. reaction time

Question 11

Muscular Power

Answer 11

strength x speed
The ability to exert a maximal contraction quickly or in one explosive effort (often mixed up with strength) Allows athletes to jump higher, hit a ball harder. E.g. jumping events in athletics & throwing events such as javelin, hammer throw, shot put & discuss.

Question 12

Coordination

Answer 12

Refers to the skilful and effective interaction of movements. (execute motor skills smoothly & accurately.) Coordination may involve the control of body parts (e.g. gymnastics routine) or it may involve the control of an external implement & various body parts (e.g. hockey stick). Coordination is often referred to as hand-eye, head-eye or foot-eye coordination. This refers to the body parts involved in the motor skill.

Question 13

Balance

Answer 13

Maintaining equilibrium while stationary or moving. Static equilibrium refers to activities where balance is maintained while the body is stationary. Dynamic equilibrium refers to maintaining balance while moving. E.g. include cycling, gymnastics or surfing & these activities require more effort to maintain body balance.

Balance is specific to the task being performed & the body continually adjusts its position in order to
maintain balance in all situations. Sports: Surfing, Gymnastics, Skateboarding

Question 14

Agility

Answer 14

The ability to change body position or direction quickly and accurately while maintaining balance
Relies on anaerobic power, speed, flexibility, dynamic balance and coordination. Evading an opponent in soccer or rugby. Reacting to an opponent fake in basketball or hockey. Dribbling the ball around an opponent in basketball or soccer.

Question 15

Speed

Answer 15

The rate of motion (how fast you can move your body part from one point to another)
Speed = Distance x Time
E.g. Full forward in AFL repeatedly leading to take a mark, 200m sprinter.

Question 16

reaction time

Answer 16

The time from the presentation of a stimulus to the onset of a response. Important in events where the environment is constantly changing & adjustments to movement need to be made quickly. Performers need to sort through the information presented to them via stimuli from the environment & select the most relevant cue.

Question 17

Response time

Answer 17

time taken from the presentation of a stimulus to the completion of the moment

Question 18

Reaction time

Answer 18

the time between the presentation of a stimulus and the initiation of the response. It is the time the information processing system takes to interpret the situation, formulate a motor program and transmit the information to the Muscular System.

Question 19

Movement time

Answer 19

the time taken from the initiation of the movement to the completion of the movement. It is the time the performer takes to physically complete the movement when the muscular system has received the message from the brain via the effector system.