Components of cell Flashcards
plasma membrane
selective barrier separating the contents of the cell from the outside of the cell
characteristics of nucleus
- holds DNA
-synthesizes ribosomes
-enclosed by porous envelope
Cytoplasm
all the “stuff” between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
-semi-fluid
Why are cells so small?
-contain only 1 nucleus
What is a ribosome?
A cytoplasmic organelle
Characteristics of ribosome
-can be found free or bound
-free ribosomes are located in cytoplasm & are unattached
-bound ribosomes attach to walls of the endoplasmic reticulum
Function of ribosomes
-protein synthesis :4 levels of folding
Whats an endomembrane network
Organelles connect physically or by components transferred by vesicles
Name organelles in the endomembrane system
-nuclear envelope
-endoplasmic reticulum
-golgi apparatus
-lysosomes
-plasma membrane
Characteristics of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
2 types
-smooth ER: no attached ribosomes
-rough ER: attached ribosomes
-part of endomembrane system
Functions of smooth ER?
-converts stored glycogen to glucose
-Lipid synthesis
-detoxification
Functions of rough ER?
-package proteins into vesicles
-macrophage
Function of golgi apparatus
-center for manufacturing and shipping
-vesicles from ER arrive here to be resembled into new molecules
-new molecules are formed
What 3 molecules are formed in the Golgi apparatus
-glycolipids
-glycoproteins
-lipoproteins
Functions of lysosome
-aids cell in food digestion
-disposes foreign materials (with help of enzymes)
What are storage diseases
Result from missing enzymes
-ppl are born with it
Fictions of mitochondria
-is the site of cellular respiration: turns food molecules into energy
-production of ATP
-
Cytoplasm function
-network of the cytoplasm that gives support and organization to the cell
What are the 3 fibers of the cytoskeleton
-microtubules
-intermediate filaments
-microfilaments
Microtubules
-thickest fibers
-provide greatest support
-allows organelle movement along transport vesicles
-made of the protein tubulin
Intermediate filaments
-intermediate thickness
-provide framework to cell
-surround nucleus
Microfilaments
-thinnest of the 3
-found near cell membrane
-involved in muscle contraction
Centrosome
-not an organelle
-contains centrioles
-MTOC= microtubule organizing center
Plant Cell wall characteristics
-Cell wall: technically not an organelle
-protection, structure, water balance
-composition: cellulose
-also have a plasma membrane
Function of central vacuole
-takes up water : central vacuole
-pump excess water out: contractile
-largest organelle in plant cell
-functions: digestion, protection, growth
Characteristics of plastids
-group of organelles
-store unique compounds
-found in plants
-2 types: chromoplasts, Leucoplasts
Chromoplasts
Produce pigment/ color
Leucoplasts
-No pigment
-store materials for plants
Example of a chromoplast
Chloroplast
Characteristics of chloroplast
-stores green pigment
-site of photosynthesis
-double membrane
-convert solar energy to chemical energy
-
Characteristics of Leucoplasts
-starch, lipid and protein storage
3 examples of Leucoplasts
-amyloplasts
-elaioplasts
-proteinoplasts
Characteristics of prokaryotic cells
-smaller than eukaryotic
-no nucleus
-have plasma membrane and cytoplasm
-contain cell walls
surface appendages of eukaryotes
-cilia
Surface appendages in prokaryotes
-pili
Surface appendages found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
-flagella
What are cilia and flagella made out of?
-microtubules
all functions of cell wall
-protection
-structure
