Components of cell

Question 1

plasma membrane

Answer 1

selective barrier separating the contents of the cell from the outside of the cell

Question 2

characteristics of nucleus

Answer 2

• holds DNA
  -synthesizes ribosomes
  -enclosed by porous envelope

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

all the “stuff” between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
-semi-fluid

Question 4

Why are cells so small?

Answer 4

-contain only 1 nucleus

Question 5

What is a ribosome?

Answer 5

A cytoplasmic organelle

Question 6

Characteristics of ribosome

Answer 6

-can be found free or bound
-free ribosomes are located in cytoplasm & are unattached
-bound ribosomes attach to walls of the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

Function of ribosomes

Answer 7

-protein synthesis :4 levels of folding

Question 8

Whats an endomembrane network

Answer 8

Organelles connect physically or by components transferred by vesicles

Question 9

Name organelles in the endomembrane system

Answer 9

-nuclear envelope
-endoplasmic reticulum
-golgi apparatus
-lysosomes
-plasma membrane

Question 10

Characteristics of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 10

2 types
-smooth ER: no attached ribosomes
-rough ER: attached ribosomes
-part of endomembrane system

Question 11

Functions of smooth ER?

Answer 11

-converts stored glycogen to glucose
-Lipid synthesis
-detoxification

Question 12

Functions of rough ER?

Answer 12

-package proteins into vesicles
-macrophage

Question 13

Function of golgi apparatus

Answer 13

-center for manufacturing and shipping
-vesicles from ER arrive here to be resembled into new molecules
-new molecules are formed

Question 14

What 3 molecules are formed in the Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

-glycolipids
-glycoproteins
-lipoproteins

Question 15

Functions of lysosome

Answer 15

-aids cell in food digestion
-disposes foreign materials (with help of enzymes)

Question 16

What are storage diseases

Answer 16

Result from missing enzymes
-ppl are born with it

Question 17

Fictions of mitochondria

Answer 17

-is the site of cellular respiration: turns food molecules into energy
-production of ATP
-

Question 18

Cytoplasm function

Answer 18

-network of the cytoplasm that gives support and organization to the cell

Question 19

What are the 3 fibers of the cytoskeleton

Answer 19

-microtubules
-intermediate filaments
-microfilaments

Question 20

Microtubules

Answer 20

-thickest fibers
-provide greatest support
-allows organelle movement along transport vesicles
-made of the protein tubulin

Question 21

Intermediate filaments

Answer 21

-intermediate thickness
-provide framework to cell
-surround nucleus

Question 22

Microfilaments

Answer 22

-thinnest of the 3
-found near cell membrane
-involved in muscle contraction

Question 23

Centrosome

Answer 23

-not an organelle
-contains centrioles
-MTOC= microtubule organizing center

Question 24

Plant Cell wall characteristics

Answer 24

-Cell wall: technically not an organelle
-protection, structure, water balance
-composition: cellulose
-also have a plasma membrane

Question 25

Function of central vacuole

Answer 25

-takes up water : central vacuole
-pump excess water out: contractile
-largest organelle in plant cell
-functions: digestion, protection, growth

Question 26

Characteristics of plastids

Answer 26

-group of organelles
-store unique compounds
-found in plants
-2 types: chromoplasts, Leucoplasts

Question 27

Chromoplasts

Answer 27

Produce pigment/ color

Question 28

Leucoplasts

Answer 28

-No pigment
-store materials for plants

Question 29

Example of a chromoplast

Answer 29

Chloroplast

Question 30

Characteristics of chloroplast

Answer 30

-stores green pigment
-site of photosynthesis
-double membrane
-convert solar energy to chemical energy
-

Question 31

Characteristics of Leucoplasts

Answer 31

-starch, lipid and protein storage

Question 32

3 examples of Leucoplasts

Answer 32

-amyloplasts
-elaioplasts
-proteinoplasts

Question 33

Characteristics of prokaryotic cells

Answer 33

-smaller than eukaryotic
-no nucleus
-have plasma membrane and cytoplasm
-contain cell walls

Question 34

surface appendages of eukaryotes

Answer 34

-cilia

Question 35

Surface appendages in prokaryotes

Answer 35

-pili

Question 36

Surface appendages found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Answer 36

-flagella

Question 37

What are cilia and flagella made out of?

Answer 37

-microtubules

Question 38

all functions of cell wall

Answer 38

-protection
-structure