Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What are the three forms of energy?
- Potential Energy
- Kinetic Energy
- Chemical Energy
What is potential energy?
Stored energy in molecules especially in chemical bonds.
What is Kinetic Energy?
-Energy of motion
What is Chemical Energy?
A type of potential energy due to the arrangement of atoms
What is Thermodynamics?
The study of energy and energy transformations.
What are the two laws of Thermodynamics?
-First Law- Energy can be transformed between forms but cannot be created or destroyed
- Second Law- All energy transformations increase the entropy of the universe
What is Entropy?
Entropy- The measure of disorder in a system
What is an Exergonic Reaction?
Release of free energy; the product contains more energy than the reactant.
What is a key example of an exergonic reaction?
Cellular respiration because it produces heat.
What is a Endergonic Reaction?
stores free energy
what is an example of an endergonic reaction?
photosynthesis because solar energy is being pushed into the cell
What is energy coupling?
The use of small exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reaction by using ATP
what does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What three responsibilities do ATP have?
-Mechanical work
-Transport work
- Chemical Work
If a terminal Phosphate group is removed from the adenosine Triphosphate, what is left behind?
Pi- inorganic Phosphate
ADP- Adenosine diphosphate
ATP is continuously regenerating through what process?
Phosphorylation
what is Phosphorylation?
-The process in which ATP is continuously being getting regenerated
-Addition of a phosphate group to a molecule
What is Cellular Respiration?
process of Converting the chemical potential energy into from macromolecules
What are the two ways ATP is produced?
Fermentation(anaerobic Pathways)
Cellular Respiration (aerobic pathway)
Explain fermentation
-The partial oxidation of molecules without oxygen
-produces limited amounts of ATP
What are 2 byproducts of fermentation?
-Alcohol
- Lactic Acid
Explain Cellular respiration
- Complete oxidation of Molecules in the presence of oxygen
- Produces lots of ATP
What are 2 byproducts of cellular Respiration?
- Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Water (H2O)
What is the formula of cellular Respiration?
C6H12O6+6O2–> 6CO2+6H2O+ATP+HEAT
What is a redox reaction?
Where electrons are transferred from one atom or ion to another
What is Oxidation?
Loss of electrons
What is reduction?
Addition of electrons
What is an example of an oxidized molecule ?
NAD+ or FAD
What are the two forms of redox reaction?
Oxidation and Reduction
What is an example a reduced molecule ?
NADH or FADH2
What are the three steps of aerobic Cellular Respiration?
- Glycolysis
-The Citric Acid/ Karen cycle
-The electron transport chain
What molecule loses electrons during cellular respiration
glucose
What are the electrons from glucose being used for?
They’re used as potential energy to convert ADP into ATP
What is happening in glycolysis?
Glucose molecules split into two pieces called pyruvate
where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
what type of process is glycolysis?
Anaerobic( does not need oxygen)
What does anaerobic mean?
Does not need oxygen
What does aerobic mean?
Needs Oxygen
What is the first step of glycolysis?
Energy Investment phase
What occurs in the energy investment phase?
glucose is phosphorylated
what is phosphorylation?
A phosphate group is added to a molecule
What is the second step in glycolysis?
Cleavage Phase
