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BLOOD BANK > COMPONENT THERAPY & PRE-TRANSFUSION COMPATIBILITY TESTING > Flashcards

COMPONENT THERAPY & PRE-TRANSFUSION COMPATIBILITY TESTING Flashcards

1
Q

All steps in the identification and testing of a potential transfusion recipient and donor blood before transfusion in an attempt to provide a blood product that survives in vivo

A

Compatibility testing

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2
Q

Specimen collection : _______ and ____ of patient blood samples and donor units is absolutely essential

A

Positive identification and testing

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3
Q

If serum is used , blood samples should be collected in siliconized plain tubes without _______

A

Serum separator gel

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4
Q

Age of the specimen for compatibility testing

A

3 days

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5
Q

Specimen for compatibility testing must be retained post-transfusion for at least ____ days

A

At least 7 days

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6
Q

Unacceptable specimens for compat testing

A

IV line contamination and hemolyzed

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7
Q

Final check of ABO group between donor and patient

A

Crossmatching

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8
Q

Crossamatching may detect the presence of _____

A

Antibodies not detected during the Antibody identification

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9
Q

Major crossmatch tests the donor ___ and the patient _____

A

Donor red cells and patient serum

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10
Q

Minor crossmatch tests the donor ___ and the patient _____

A

Donor serum and patient red cells

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11
Q

Regardless of minor crossmatch result, we need to follow the major crossmatch result - True or false

A

True

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12
Q

Two classifications of crossmatch tests

A

Serologic and computer crossmatch

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13
Q

Tests the patients serum with the Donor RBC

A

Serologic crossmatch

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14
Q

Component of serologic crossmatch that detects IgM incompatibility

A

Immediate spin

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15
Q

Component of serologic crossmatch that detects IgG incompatibility

A

AHG

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16
Q

Serologic crossmatch : both immediate spin and AHG are performed

A

Complete crossmatch

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17
Q

Serologic crossmatch immediate spin is only performed

A

Incomplete or abbreviated crossmatch

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18
Q

Incomplete or abbreviated crossmatch is only performed if these 2 criteria are met

A

1) negative current Ab screening
2) no history of clinically significant antibody

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19
Q

May be used only for patients who have no currently clinically significant antibodies or any history of alloantibodies

A

Computer crossmatch (EXM)

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20
Q

All blood units are incompatible with this condition

A

AIHA

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21
Q

If not at correct temp, unit must be returned within ___ mins of issue

A

30 mins

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22
Q

Transfusion of RBC components prior to completion of pretransfusion testing

A

Emergency transfusion

23
Q

In emergency tranfusion, the blood unit must be

A

ABO specific and O Rh negative

24
Q

Blood type to be used for plasma emergency transfusion

25
Q

Is it required to perform compatibility testing of plasma products?

A

Not required, serum typing is only performed

26
Q

In massive transfusion, ___ units of whole blood/packed red cell is given within ____ hours

A

10 units ; 24 hours

27
Q

For platelet concentrate/FFP transfusion, the unit must be given within ____ mins

28
Q

Effects of massive transfusion

A

Iron overload
Bleeding (platelets are diluted)
Citrate toxicity (calcium ions are affected)

29
Q

One unit of blood should be transfused within ____ hours

30
Q

Time interval for acute transfusion reaction

A

Within 24 hours

31
Q

Time interval for delayed transfusion reaction

A

More than 24 hours

32
Q

Other classifications of transfusion reaction

A

Immune and non immune
Infectious and noninfectious

33
Q

Acute immunologic transfusion reactions

A

Hemolytic
Febrile nonhemolytic
Allergic
TRALI

34
Q

Acute non immunologic transfusion reactions

A

Bacterial contamination
Circulatory overload
Physical/chemical hemolysis

35
Q

Delayed immunologic transfusion reactions

A

Hemolytic
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
Post transfusion purpura

36
Q

Delayed non immunologic transfusion reactions

A

Transfusion-induced hemosiderosis
Disease transmission

37
Q

Reaction period varies from 1-2 hours ; main cause is incompatible blood

A

Immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction

38
Q

Immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

FNHTR
Allergic reaction
TRALI
DHTR
PTP
Transfusion-associate graft-versus-host disease
Transfusion associated circulatory overload

39
Q

Acute complication of transfusion presenting with at lease 1C increase in body temperature

A

febrile non hemolytic transfusion reaction

40
Q

2 mechanisms of FNHTR

A

immune-mediated and platelet storage changes

41
Q

Occurs as a response of recipient antibodies to an allergen present in the blood component ; the more common, milder reactions consist of weals, erythema, or pruritis ; severe reactions (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid)

A

Allergic reaction

42
Q

With RESPIRATORY distress and severe hypoxemia during or within 6 hours of transfusion in the absence of other causes of lung injury ; mediated by anti-WBC antibodies

43
Q

detection of “new” red cell antibodies AFTER 24 hours of transfusion

44
Q

Presents with profound thrombocytopenia, frequently accompanied by bleeding 1 to 24 days AFTER a blood transfusion ; the antigen most commonly implicated in this condition is the HUMAN PLATELET ANTIGEN (HPA) 1a

A

Post transfusion purpura

45
Q

Due to an immunologic attack by viable donor lymphocytes contained in the transfused blood component against the transfusion RECIPIENT

A

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease

46
Q

With respiratory distress and hypoxemia that can be accompanied by cough, headache, chest tightness, hypertension, jugular vein distention, elevated central venous pressure, and ELEVATED PULMONARY WEDGE pressure during or after transfusion l occurs when the patient’s CARDIOVASCULAR system’s ability to handle additional workload is exceeded manifesting as congestive heart failure

A

Transfusion-associated circulatory overload

47
Q

Most common causes of transfusion reactions

A

FNHTR and allergic reaction

48
Q

Blood component given to prevent FNHTR

A

Leukoreduced

49
Q

Blood component given to prevent allergic reaction

50
Q

Most common cause of death associated with transfusion reaction

A

TRALI
DHTR
IHTR

51
Q

Minutes ; incompatible blood ; free hemoglobin ; DAT (+) - minutes ; urine - free hemoglobin ; intravascular hemolysis ; Hypotension leading to DIC, acute renal failure

A

Immediate hemolytic TR

52
Q

3-7 days ; blood: bilirubin and methalbumin ; urine: urobilinogen, hemosiderin ; DAT(+) - days ; extravascula hemolysis ; unexplained depletion of Hgb ad Hct leading to anemia

A

Delayed hemolytic TR

53
Q

Investigation of a TR

A

Clerical check
Visual inspection ( pre or post tranfusion sample)
DAT Testing (positive post patient sample)

54
Q

Additional testing for TR

A

ABO and Rh typing
Urine test
AB screening
Bilirubin test
Hgb and Hct

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