Component 2 - UK physical landscape

Question 1

What are the 3 types of rock?

Answer 1

1.Igneous
2.Metamorphic
3.Sedimentary

Question 2

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 2

1.Molten rock from the mantle cools and hardens
2.The rock forms crystals as it cools
3.This makes igneous rocks hard, eg granite

Question 3

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 3

1.layers of sediment are compacted together until they become solid rock

Question 4

What are the 2 main types of sedimentary rock in the UK and how are they formed?

Answer 4

1.Carboniferous limestone and chalk - formed from shells and skeletons of dead organisms.
2.Clays and shales - these are made from clay minerals and mud

Question 5

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 5

1.when other rocks are changed by heat and pressure
2.THe new rocks become harder and more compact

Question 6

How have past tectonic processes shaped the UK?

Answer 6

1. Active volcanoes left igneous rocks
2. Plate collisions caused rocks to be folded and lifted forming mountains. This also formed metamorphic rocks due to the heat and pressure
3. Plate movements meant the UK moved from the tropics, where sea levels were higher and lots of carboniforous limestone formed.

Question 7

What type of landscape does granite create and why?

Answer 7

1.it is very resistant and forms upland landscapes.
2.Granite has lots of joints, which causes it to weather at different speeds leaving very uneven terrain
3.Granite is impermeable so it creates moorlands

Question 8

What type of landscape does slate and schist create and why?

Answer 8

1. Slate and schist form rugged upland landscapes as they are chipped easily
2. They are impermeable so they lead to bogs

Question 9

What type of landscape does carboniferous limestone create and why?

Answer 9

1. rainwater slowly wears the limestone down by carbonation weathering, causing uneven surfaces
2. It creates dry valleys as it is permeable

Question 10

What type of landscape does chalk and clay create and why?

Answer 10

1.Chalk forms escarpments in UK lowlands and cliffs on the coasts
2.Chalk is permeable so springs are made
3.Clay is soft and forms wide flat valleys with lots of rivers as it is impermeable

Question 11

What is weathering?

Answer 11

the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces via mechanical, biological or chemical processes

Question 12

What landscapes do glaciers make?

Answer 12

1. Large U shaped valleys
2. Tarns
3. they deposit sediment in the lower land areas