complications of prematurity

Question 1

RDS

Answer 1

Respiratory distress syndrome. <34 weeks. surfactant deficit. alveoli at great risk for collapse. 60% (?) at 29 weeks. treatment: surfactant replacement, O2, mechanical ventilation.

Question 2

BPD

Answer 2

bronchopulmonary dysplasia. require supplemental O2 and or mechanical ventilation. born 10+ weeks premie. developmental delays. chronic lung disease.

Question 3

Hylaine membrane disease

Answer 3

seen in babies w/ RDS

Question 4

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Answer 4

results in heart murmur

Question 5

bradycardia

Answer 5

slow heart rate

Question 6

necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 6

small intestinal wall necrosis. idiopathic. suspect bacteria, intestinal ischemia, intestinal mucosal immaturity/dysfuntion. increased risk 10 x’s w/ formula feeding

Question 7

hyperbillirubinemia

Answer 7

jaundice from accumulation of bilirubin in blood since liver can’t process it due to it’s immaturity. excessive jaundice –>kernicterus. treat with phototherapy. Can cause brain damage.

Question 8

ROP-retinopathy of prematurity

Answer 8

retinal vascularization is incomplete at time of birth leading to retinal detachment. can lead to blindness. <30 weeks at highest risk.. supplemental O2 for RDS.

Question 9

hearing impairment

Answer 9

due to prematurity.

Question 10

AGA

Answer 10

appropriate gestational age-birth weight between the 10th and 90th percentile

Question 11

SGA

Answer 11

small for gestational age. <10th percentile. full term but underweight

Question 12

LGA

Answer 12

large for gestational age. birth weight >90th%

Question 13

normal birthweight

Answer 13

5#8oz-8#13oz.

Question 14

LBW

Answer 14

low birthweight <5#8oz

Question 15

VLBW

Answer 15

very low birthweight <1500 grams/3#4oz.

Question 16

ELBW

Answer 16

extremely low birthweight: <2#3oz. born before 27 weeks

Question 17

MLBW

Answer 17

moderately low birthweight: 3#5oz.-5#8oz.

Question 18

Micro preemie

Answer 18

750g/1#10oz. about 23 weeks.

Question 19

major complications of prematurity

Answer 19

RDS, BPD, PDA, NEC, hyperbillirubinemia, ROP, hearing impairment

Question 20

MAJOR complications of prematurity (born @ 28-32 weeks)

Answer 20

IVH, PVL, RDS, seizures. neurologic, respiratory, cardiac, GI, sensory.

Question 21

IVH

Answer 21

intraventricular hemorrhage. most common is lateral ventricular bleed in infants<32 weeks and less than 1500g. outcome: spastic hemiparesis, quadriparxsis, cognitive deficits. cranial sonogram will pick this up. suspect CP as a result.

Question 22

PVL

Answer 22

periventricular leukomalacia. white matter necrosis surrounding lateral ventricles secondary to decreased oxygenation and blood flow to the brain. spastic diplegia or spastic quadriparesis, cognitive deficits. CT.

Question 23

apnea

Answer 23

in a baby lack of breathing for 20 or more seconds due to system immaturity. may indicate systemic med. probs. occurring in as many as 90% of infants who weigh less than 1000g at birth.

Question 24

gestational age of development of sense of smell

Answer 24

28 weeks

Question 25

gestational age of development of sense of taste

Answer 25

13 weeks

Question 26

gestational age of development of sense of hearing

Answer 26

24 weeks

Question 27

gestational age of development of pupillary reflex

Answer 27

34 weeks

Question 28

how many grams is 2#?

Answer 28

1000g

Question 29

time of the most weight gain for fetus in gestation

Answer 29

36-40weeks

Question 30

“Florida Power And Light

Answer 30

full term births, pre-mature births, abortion (spontaneous or therapeutic), living

Question 31

GP/gravida para

Answer 31

g=number of pregnancies. P=outcomes

Question 32

full term

Answer 32

38-40 wks

Question 33

post term

Answer 33

born after 40 wks

Question 34

preterm

Answer 34

before 37 wks

Question 35

minimum age of viablitiy

Answer 35

23-24 or 21-22

Question 36

APGAR

Answer 36

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration. assessment of newborns at 1 and 5 mins after birth. respiration, crying, reflexes, irritability, pulse, HR, skin color, muscled tone

Question 37

normal APGAR score

Answer 37

8-9. most don’t score a 10 b/c hey lose 1 point for being blue which is normal

Question 38

0-3 APGAR score

Answer 38

resuscitation

Question 39

4, 5, 6 APGAR score

Answer 39

requires immediate intervention. O2 and respiratory assistance, suctioning. indicates difficulty adapting to life outside the womb.

Question 40

Low APGAR can be related to

Answer 40

Rxs given to mother during labor, prematurity, rapid delivery

Question 41

risks for LBW

Answer 41

born before 37 weeks, low income, lack of education, multiple births, twins, triplets, maternal health problems (DM, HTN)

Question 42

infant signs of distress indicating it doesn’t want to be held

Answer 42

skin color changes, hiccups, finger splaying, LE stiffness and extension, frowning, turning away from face or sound, change in vital signs

Question 43

complication from lack of proper NICU positioning

Answer 43

skull deformities, preferential head turning to one side, fine motor delays, W arms, M legs

Question 44

M legs

Answer 44

frog leg position w/ hips abducted and ER. seen when NICU positioning is not good. LE tightness.

Question 45

W arms

Answer 45

UE tightness thru shoulder girdle. scapula retracted and humerus ER.

Question 46

positioning for premature infants

Answer 46

position in flexion in all positions. 34 wks can lift head and turn in prone. <32 weeks eye patches-difficulty dealing with light and sound. sidelying promotes hands together and hand to mouth (self calming, sucking thumb)