Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 - Reproductive > Complications of pregnancy - demonstration > Flashcards

Complications of pregnancy - demonstration Flashcards

1
Q

Monozygotic v dizygotic

A

Monozygotic = develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two embryos

Dizygotic = develops from a separate egg and each egg is fertilised by its own sperm cell –> 2 separate zygotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of twins (referring to amniosity and chorionicity) (5)

A

Dichorionic diamniotic
Dichorionic diamniotic with fused placenta (rare)

Twin to twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) pregnancies

  • monochorionic diamniotic
  • monochorionic monoamniotic

Conjoined twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the zygosity and chorionicity of a singleton

A

Monochorionic monoamniotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RF for multiple pregnancies, i.e. twins etc

A

Assisted reproduction techniques, e.g. IVF

Ovulation induction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RF of dizygotic twins

A

Increasing

  • Parity
  • Weight
  • Height
  • Age

FH
Ethnicity
Fertility treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Majority of twins are mono or diamniotic, mono or dichorionic

A

Dichorionic diamniotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Multiple pregnancies suspected if

A

Small for gestational age
Multiple foetal HRs detected
Multiple foetal parts felt
hCG and maternal AFP elevated for gestational age
Pregnancy using assisted reproduction techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The timing of cleavage of the fertilised egg determines how many placentas there will be

How many days after fertilisation does cleavage happen for the following
-dichorionic diamniotic

A

DD - 3 days after
MC/DA - 4-8 days after
MC/MA - >8 days after
Conjoined - >12 days after

In order of increasing mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complications of multiple pregnancy

A 
High perinatal mortality + morbidity 
Abortion 
Preterm labour - most twins are 37 weeks
IUGR
PET
Polyhydramnios
PPH
Placental abruption, praetor
Discordant twin growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of perinatal mortality + morbidity

A 
Premature (—> ARDS)
Birth trauma
Cerebral haemorrhage 
Birth asphyxia 
Congenital anomalies 
Stillbirth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TTTS pregnancies only occur when it’s mono…

A

Monochorionic - 1 placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe TTTS pregnancies

A

Disproportionate blood supply resulting in high morbidity and mortality (60-100%)

Connecting blood vessels in placenta allow blood to pass from one twin to the other but in monochorionic pregnancies, blood vessels ANASTAMOSE and disrupt the flow balance between the 2 foetuses so that one receives more and the other less

DONOR twin receives less blood —> slowing its growth (IUGR), oliguria and becoming oligohydramniotic

RECIPIENT twin receives too much blood —> strains its heart leading to heart failure and also becoming polyhydamniotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Features of the

  • donor twin
  • recipient twin
A

Donor - IUGR, oligohydramnios, oliguria

Recipient - heart failure, polyhydramnios, hydrops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of TTTS pregnancies

A

Aminoreduction of the recipient twin

Intrauterine blood transfusion for the donor twin

Selective foetal reduction

Foetoscopic laser ablation of placental anastamosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antenatal management of multiple pregnancy

A 
Good nutrition
Prevent anaemia 
FREQUENT ANTENATAL VISITS
US
-chorionicity at 9-10wks
-nuchal translucency at 12-13+ wks 
-foetal growth every 3-4 wks from 23 wks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to determine chorionicity on US

  • dichorionic diamniotic
  • monochorionic monoamniotic
  • dichorionic diamniotic
  • monochorionic diamniotic
A

DD - 2 separate placenta, 2 sacs
MM - 1 placenta, 1 sac

2 sacs with fused placenta could either be

  • DD with fused placenta
  • MC/DA
17
Q

Dichorionic twins have what symbolically shaped sign on US

Monochorionic twins have what symbolically shaped sign on US

A

Lambda sign - like Chinese character for people

T sign

18
Q

Examination test for assessing foetal growth

A

Symphysiofundal height

19
Q

Symphyisofundal height should correspond to the age in weeks in cm with a +/- of how many cm

A

3

20
Q

Measurements on US to assess foetal growth

A

Abdo circumference
Femur length
Head circumference

Then plot these on a GAP/GROW chart to get liquor volume (measure of foetal weight)

21
Q

Causes of small for gestational age

A 
Low maternal BMI
Age
Ethnicity
Social class
Smoking/alcohol 
Maternal disease - PET, chronic hypertension, severe asthma, autoimmune 
Infections - toxiplasmosis, CMV
Congenital, e.g. down’s, turner’s
22
Q

Causes of large for gestational age

A 
Multiparity
Ethnicity 
Social class 
Genetic
Maternal DM
Polyhydramnios 
Foetal anatomical abnormality, e.g. duodenal atresia, tracheo-oesophageal fistula 
Multiple pregnancy
23
Q

What tests to confirm foetal wellbeing

A

Foetal abdo movements
CTG
US Doppler of umbilical artery

Year 3 - Reproductive (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions