Anatomy part 2 Flashcards
3 structures constituting the birth canal
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
3 layers of the uterine wall
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Normal position of the uterus
Anteflexed anteverted
What is the space called behind the uterus but in front of the rectum
Rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
What are the fornices of the vagina
Protrusions of the cervix into the vagina - anterior/posterior recesses
Through which vaginal fornix can you access the rectouterine pouch
Posterior fornix - infection can collect here
The uterus and cervix are firmly anchored into position by what 4 ligaments + describe each
Ligament of ovary - connects ovary to lateral surface of uterus
Suspensory ligament of ovary - connects ovary to anterior abdominal wall
Round ligament of uterus - lies within the broad ligament
Broad ligament - sheet of peritoneum extending from the lateral pelvic walls that covers the internal genitalia
Which ligament is called the cardinal ligament of the uterus
Lateral cervical (transverse cervical) - located at base of broad ligament and attaches cervix to lateral pelvic wall
Apart from the pelvic fascia, what other structures support the uterus
Muscles of pelvic floor
Fallopian tubes are divided into 4 parts - name these from most proximal to uterus
Isthmus (narrowest) –> ampulla –> infundibulum –> fimbriae (finger like projections that catch the eggs from the ovary)
Which part of the uterine tube is the longest and widest
Ampulla
Fertilisation occurs in which part of the fallopian tube usually
Ampulla
What is an ectopic pregnancy
When fertilised egg implants outwith the uterine (endometrial) cavity
Round ligament of uterus is remnant of
embryonic gubernaculum
Arterial supply of the ovaries
Ovarian artery - arises from the abdo aorta at L2
The ovarian artery descends within what ligament
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Uterine artery (branch of internal iliac) crosses over what structure at the level of the ischial spine
Ureter
Lymph from the labia and lower vagina drains into
Superficial inguinal nodes
Lymphatic drainage of the ovaries
Para-aortic nodes
Lymphatic drainage of fundus + upper uterine body
Pre-aortic nodes
Lymphatic drainage of majority of uterine body
Internal iliac nodes
Lymphatic drainage of cervix and upper vagina
Internal iliac and sacral nodes
The breast extend vertically from ribs … to … and horizontally from the … to …
ribs 2-4
lateral border of sternum to mid-axillary line
The base of the breast (mammary glands) lies on what fascia + lies on what 2 muscles
Pectoral fascia - associated with pectoralis major
Serratus anterior
Arterial supply of the breasts
- medial aspect
- lateral aspect
Medial aspect - internal thoracic artery (from subclavian)
Lateral aspect - lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial branches (from axillary),
lateral mammary branches and mammary branch
Lymphatic drainage of the breasts (3)
Axillary nodes - 75%, lateral quadrants
Parasternal nodes - medial quadrants of breast
Posterior intercostal nodes
Which group of lymph nodes receive lymph from the lateral quadrants of the breast
Axillary
Breasts are modified sweat glands which consist of a series of … and … … (15-20)
Each lobule contains many … drained by a single … …
Lobules are surrounded by …
ducts and secretory lobules
alveoli drained by a single lactiferous duct
stroma (connective tissue)
Lactiferous ducts are lined by what epithelium (2)
Columnar epithelium supported by a further layer of myoepithelial cells
Fallopian tubes are lined by what epithelium
Ciliated columnar
Appearance of maternal vs foetal surface of placenta
Foetal surface is smooth and has attachment for umbilical cord and maternal is rough
Functions of placenta
Nutrient + gas exchange
Produce hormones
Protect against infection
Excrete waste products from foetus
When is the placenta meant to separate from the uterine wall
Third/last stage of labour once foetus has been delivered
3 structures within the umbilical cord are
2 umbilical arteries
1 umbilical vein
Function of umbilical arteries in utero
Carry deoxygenated blood from foetus to placenta
What does the umbilical vein persist as in females
Round ligament of uterus
Function of the umbilical vein in utero
Carry oxygenated blood from placenta to foetus
