COMPLIANT/MATERIALS Flashcards
PAPER & BOARDS KEY FACTS
- comes from wood pulp (celluose)
- changed into mill
- other pulp sources like cotton can be added to increase durability.
- measured by wait (gsm)
HOW CAN PAPER-MAKING BE MORE SUSTAINABLE
- biodegradable paper
- reuse water
- from a manged forest
- use over chip wood
CALENDERING
running materials through rollers to reduse its thickness or apply a surface finish.
COMPOSITES
- composite materials are created by combining 2 or materials that have quite different properties
- they work together to produce an ‘enhanced’ material with unique properties
- you can easliy tell the mix of materials apart, they don’t dissolve or blend
5 EXAMPLES OF COMPOSITES
- reinforced concrete
- GRP and fibre glass
- Kevlar
- duct tape
WHY IS IT DIFFICULT TO RECYCLE COMPOSITE MATERIALS
you will need to separate the materials
CARBON FIBRE PRODUCTS
CRP (carbon-fibre reinforced plastic)
- cloth woven
- high strength,stiff,waterproof
- sports cars, boats
GRP (FIBRE GLASS) PRODUCTS
GRP (glass reinforced plastic)
- fibre matting covered in smoth plastic resin
- lightweight,waterproof,strong
- boat hulls, helments
LAYING UP GRP
- make mould
- apply mould realse
- apply colour get coat
- apply glass fibre matting and roller in the resin
- leave resin to cure,trim and release
TEXTILES
- very adaptable
- avalible from a variety of sources
- availble in different forms;rolls, yarn, fibres
- high strength to weight ratio
PLANT BASED NATURAL FIBRES
cotton
- fluffy,cotton plant,takes dye
- strong, absorbant,washable,thermal
- clothing, towles, bedsheets
ANIMAL BASED NATURAL FIBRES
wool
- animal fleece-sheep, dyeable
- coarse,soft and thick,can shrink
- jumpers,expensive,warmth
silk
- silkworm,nautral shine, dyeable
- soft, warm and also cool,strong
- luxury clothing, silk paintings
SYNTHETIC FIBRES (MANMADE)
polyester
- can be made into satin,ripstop,tent/sail material
- tough,strong,hard wearing, dyeable
- fleece,sportswear,umbrellas
polyamide (nylon)
- dyeable, versatile fibres
- strong, hard wearing, can be blended
- parachutes,sports,tough thread
elastane (lycra)
- smooth,sheen,dyeable
- added to fabric, added stretch
- swimsuits,muscular supports
BLENDED FIBRES
poly-cotton (blended)
- cotton look, printed/dyed, no creases
- more durable,not breathable,cheaper than cotton
- clothing, bedding
WOVEN TEXTILES
plain weave
- interlaced at 90°
- simple/cheap,complicated weaves,strong
- gingham,table clothes
NON-WOVEN TEXTILES
bonded fabric -random,small holes -fabrics lack,cut in an direction -disposable products,hygiene,tea bags felted fabric -matted fibres randomly,dyed -on elasticity,expensive -hats,handicrafts
KNITTED TEXTILES
knitted fabric
- loops of yarn,very decorative
- warm to wear,unravel more easily than warp
- jumpers,socks,tights,soft toys
REINFORCING MATERIALS
2 different loads: dynamic/static forces -compression (pushing in) eg steps -tension (pulling out) eg steel roof -torsion (twisting) eg screwdriver -shear (pushing sides) eg scissors
A CLIMBING ROPE MUST BE STRONG IN
tension
A STEEL ROOF BEAM MUST RESIST……….FORCE
bending
A PAPER GUILOTINE USES………..FORCE TO CUT PAPER
shear
A PILLAR MUST BE STRONG IN……..
compression
REINFORCING
adding material to increase strength
- stitching
- layers and steel bands
- steel bars
STIFFENING
adding thin layers to reduce bending + torsion
- interfacing
- carboard
- layers of veneer
FOLDING
adding folds to reduce bending (increase stiffness)
- corrugating
- ridges
TECHNICAL TEXTILES properties/definition
- created by weaving fibres in a particular way to enhance their properties
- specific
- more important than aesthetic
GORE-TEX
-waterproof
-breathable
-reduces condention
-increases comfort
150 millions holes per cm²
CONDUCTIVE
- e-textiles
- conductive threads sewn into fabrics to connects components
- programable
KEVLAR
- high tensile strength
- heat proof
- hard-wearing
- synthetic fibres
FIRE RESISTANT
- high temperatures
- reduces combustion
- armid fibres
MICROENCAPSULATION
- microfibres traps substances within the fibres of a fabric
- when shell is broken the substance is released
BLEED PROOF PAPER
- can be textured/coated in white
- 70gsm sheer,solvent based
- marked pens final designs
CARTRIDGE PAPER
- thick ans slightly rough
- 120-150gsm expensive
- pencil sketching and watercolour
GRID PAPER
- printed grid, isometric paper
- 80gsm fait lines
- scientic,mathematical diagrams
LAYOUT PAPER
- off white, medium opacity sheet
- 40-60 gsm, inks can smear
- coping and tracing images
TRACING PAPER
- translucent
- 40-120 gsm
- pencil tracing
CORRUGATED CARDBOARD
- nautal brown, bonded paper (sandwich)
- 1000-5000 microns, strong,lightweight
- packaging impact and protection
DUPLEX BOARD
- 2 layers of card bonded together
- 200-500 gsm
- stiff, lightweight coating
- cheap white card
- packaging, waxy coating
FOIL LINED BOARD
- white card bonded with aluimimium foil
- 200-400 gsm, stiff, reflects heat
- takeaway containers
FOAM CORE BOARD
- smooth board back and front, foam inside
- 3-10mm thick lightweight
- under pressureit can crack and crease
- models, art work
INK JET CARD
- smooth glossy finish
- 120-350 gsm high quatilty
- high quatilty images
SOLID WHITE BOARD
- high quatilty card
- 200-500 gsm stiff, holds colour well, easily cut
- greeting cards packaging and advertising
