Complex Proteome Flashcards
Human proteome
represents the full number of proteins expressed by all the hereditary info in our DNA
Insulin
Small protein
Made up of 110 amino acids (preproinsulin)
Modifications of Insulin
Secreted insulin from pancreas contains 51 amino acids,
Alpha sheet 21
Beta sheet 30
Preproinsulin is processed through ____________ resulting in _____________
cleavage
Proinsulin
Proinsulin will undergo _____________ in addition to the formation of three ___________________
folding
Disulphide bonds
Proinsulin is transported from ____________ to the ______________ where further cleavage occurs resulting in mature _____________
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Insulin
Phosphorylation
Kinases covalently attach a phosphate group to serine theornine or tyrosine
Methylation
Covalent addition of a methyl group
Acetylation
Addition of a acetyl group
Receptors
Important proteins that receive and interpret information
Insulin Receptors
- once insulin is released, insulin effector molecules will bind to receptor kinase
- binding allows our cells to transport glucose into cytoplasm
Extracellular Insulin Signal
- causes a series of cytoplasmic proteins to be activated leading to an intracellular response and amplification
- activation of intracellular response leads to absorption of glucose in the cell
Alternative Splicing
enables one pre-mRNA to be spliced at different spots to make many different mature mRNA that contain different combinations of transcribed exons
Isoforms
some exons can be cut out because the spliceosome thinks they are introns
Alternative splicing helps in the regulation of _______________ since the mRNA can be spliced in different ways which produces ______________ but related proteins
Gene expression
Different
