Competency 001-Terminology Flashcards
WHAT IS BICS
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills
WHAT IS L1
Student’s first language
WHAT IS TELPAS
Texas English Language Proficiency Assessment System
WHAT IS LEP
Limited English Proficiency
WHAT IS CALP
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
WHAT IS TESOL
Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages
WHAT IS LPAC
Language Proficiency Assessment Committee
WHAT IS ELPs
English Language Proficiency Standards
WHAT IS ESOL
English to Speakers of Other Languages
WHAT IS L2
Second Language
What does Science Inquiry?
Promotes thinking and reasoning that involves literacy and science learning.
Examples of Language Fuctions
describing, hypothesizing, explaining, predicting, and reflecting.
Examples of science inquiries and process skills
observing, describing, explaining, predicting, estimating, representing, and inferring.
What is included in English Language Proficiency.
Knowledge of Conventions of Literacy such as: syntax, vocabulary, spelling, and punctuation.
What is decoding?
It’s the process of reading words in text. It is necessary to: recognize the letters, associate the sound of the letter, understand how the sounds work together to make words, and blend the letter sounds together to create speech.
What is encoding?
It’s the process of using letter-sound knowledge to write. It is necessary to recall sounds and the symbols assigned to them to write the letters together to form words
What is denotation?
It’s the literal definition of a word, as one would find in a dictionary. Words with multiple meanings: each one is a denotation of the word.
What is connotation?
It’s a word in underlying emotion or feeling associated with that word that is not noted in the literal definition of the term. e.g. Connotation of dwelling vs. home. Both words mean the same, but dwelling has a negative connotation because people will not feel emotionally attached to a dwelling, but to a home.
Diagraph (consonants)
Is a combination of two consonant letters that make one completely new speech sound: ch/pitcher, gh/rough, ng/singer, ph/photo, sh/ship, th(voiceless)/thank, th(voiced)/the, wh/when.
Diagraph (vowels)
Is a combination of two vowel letters that make one completely new speech sound: ai/aim, pain, ay/player, maybe, ea/eat, sea, ee/eel, feet, oa/oak, boat, ow/own, tow.
Morpheme
It’s the smallest unit of meaning in a language that cannot be further divided. It can be a letter, syllable, word, or phoneme, but it must have a meaning and cannot be divided further. E.g. “dogs” have two morphemes: dog (as a word), and s (as a suffix). Where dog means an animal that can be domesticated, and “s” represents the plural. The word dogs cannot be divided any further than dog/s.
Affixes
Are bound morphemes that occur before (prefix) or after (suffix) a base word.
Derivational Affixes
Change the meaning of the word. E.g. adding “un” to kind= unkind (antonym). Act is a verb, adding suffix “or” actor= noun.
Inflectional Affixes
Only modify the words without altering the meaning. E.g. plurals, comparative (taller than), verb tense: climb for climbing, walk for walked.
Fluency
Ability to read a text accurately, with proper speed, automaticity and prosody.
Prosody
It’s reading at grade level with correct Intonation, expression and phrasing.
Automaticity
Ability to rapidly, effortlessly, and accurately recognize no decoded words.
Accuracy in fluency
Ability to read correctly between 97 to 100% of the text words per minute. (Independent level). 90-96% word recognition accuracy (instruction level), and less than 90% (frustration level).
Phonological Awareness
Is the foundation for reading and phonics. It’s the ability to recognize that words are made up of different sound units and the ability to manipulate units of sounds in spoken words and sentences. Understanding the sound structure of language including rhymes, syllables, phonemes, words in sentences.
Cognate
group of words in different languages that come from the same etymological origin; and because they descend from the same word, cognates often have similar meanings and/or spelling.
Discourse
in linguistics is a unit of language longer than a sentence, such as a paragraph or an essay. The discourse of language in a social context, is any piece of verbal or written communication.
Graphophonics
Is the awareness of the letter-sound correspondence or grapheme-phoneme correspondence. It is used as the visual cueing source in reading. The other 2 cueing sources are meaning and structure.
Language Registers
Is the way a speaker uses language differently, in different circumstances. The registers can be categorized based on audience, topic, purpose, location or social setting. There are 5 language registers: frozen (preamble of constitution), formal (work, academic, etc.), consultative (lawyer, doctor, boss), casual or informal (friends, family), Intimate (personal and private).
Lexical Ambiguity
is the presence of two or more possible meanings for a single word within a sentence and causes more than one possible interpretation the additional information typically supplies context that clarifies which meaning is intended to express.
Lexicon
It is the collection of words that any individual uses on a daily basis and that are distinguished according to the country where they live, their profession, literacy level, hobbies, area of interest, etc., and includes academic vocabulary but also colloquialisms, idioms, jargon and slangs.
Morphology
Is the branch of linguistics that studies the word structures, parts of words and how words are formed.
Phonology
is the study of the system and patterns of the speech sounds in a language: A language’s sound system is made up of a set of phonemes which are used according to phonological rules.
Phoneme
is the smallest unit of sound in the language. Phonemes are language-specific - there are 44 phonemes in the English language (20 vowel and 24 consonant sounds.
Graphemes
Are the smallest units of written language. Are symbols that represent phonemes.
Phonics
It’s the relationship between the letters of written language and the sounds of spoken language. The letter-sound correspondence. Is the connection between sounds and written symbols (phoneme-grapheme).
Phonemic awareness
It’s the auditory ability to work with the individual sound or phoneme in spoken words. Doesn’t involve print.
Pragmatics
Is a branch of linguistics that studies the use of languages in a social context, rather than the literal meaning or grammar.
Semantics
Is the study of meaning in language. The study of how languages organize and express meanings word and sentence meanings and their relations.
Syntax
Is the study of arrangement or order of words in any language to produce a meaningful sentence. It studies the structure and correct formation of sentences .
Grammar
Is a collection of principles of syntax and rules that are used to define the structure of a sentence.
When is acquired Linguistic Competence?
Acquired when a person has achieved all four aspects of language (phonology, pragmatics, semantics, and syntax).
When has an individual acquired the Communicative Competence?
It has been acquired when an individual can verbally communicate appropriately in their everyday speaking in a variety of social situations.
