Comparisons

Question 1

Arguments

Answer 1

Nature vs Nurture
Holism vs Reductionism
Free will vs Determinism
Scientific vs Non-scientific
Explaining mental illness
Treating mental illness

Question 2

Answering question

Answer 2

State one approaches stance
Outline why the approach supports that stance
Whereas or likewise
Other approach repeat.

Question 3

Behaviourist approach stances

Answer 3

Nurture- All behaviour is caused by environmental influence.
Environmentally reductionist- reduces behaviour to S-R bonds.
Deterministic- A bad experience=phobia.
Ignores all factors
Behaviour explained by operant and classical conditioning.
High scientific rigour- Lab experiments.

Question 4

Social learning theory stances

Answer 4

Nurture- Observes external influence.
Reductionist- Behaviour to experience.
Soft determinism- constraints to behaviour but free for some choices.
Ignores all other factors.
Behaviour caused by observing, replicating others behaviour.
High scientific rigour- Lab experiments (demand characteristics?)

Question 5

Cognitive approach stances

Answer 5

Nature and nurture- Experience and internal thought from brain.
Machine reductionism- Machine information processing systems.
Soft determinism- Free for reasoning with constraints to behaviour.
Ignores all other factors.
High scientific rigour-Lab experiments (memory experiments)

Question 6

Biological approach stances

Answer 6

Nature- internal biology, evolution and genetics.
Biologically reductionist-Behaviour is influence of neuroscience and brain structures.
Biologically deterministic- Human behaviour is determined by biology- no free will to overcome it.
Ignores all other factors.
Behaviour caused by lack of neurotransmitters (OCD)
High scientific rigour- Drug therapy/ brain scans.

Question 7

Psychodynamic approach stances

Answer 7

Nature- Psychosexual stages and represent thoughts.
Reductionist- Only focus on 5 stages and personality.
Deterministic- Mind controlled by experiences repressed into the unconscious mind.
Ignores all other factors.
Behaviour caused by people stuck in psychosexual stages.
Low scientific rigour- Freud used a small sample of people that cannot be generalised.

Question 8

Humanistic approach stances

Answer 8

Nurture- Behaviour is based on congruence caused by external factors.
Holistic- Takes into account all experiences are subjective and doesn’t generalise.
Free will-Behaviour is a choice as we control self-actualisation.
Ignores all other factors.
Behaviour caused by incongruence between ideal and actual self.
Low scientific rigour- different to other people so it is hard to prove.