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Large Animal Yr1 > Comparative dentition > Flashcards

Comparative dentition Flashcards

1
Q

What is the deciduous dental forumla for Cow?

A

I 0/4 C 0/0 PM 3/3
(x2) = 20

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2
Q

What is the permanent dental forumla for Cow?

A

I 0/4 C 0/0 PM 3/3 M 3/3
(x2) = 32

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3
Q

What is the deciduous dental forumla for Sheep?

A

I 0/4 C 0/0 PM 3/3
(x2) = 20

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4
Q

What is the permanent dental forumla for Sheep?

A

I 0/4 C 0/0 PM 3/3 M 3/3
(x2) = 32

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5
Q

What is the deciduous dental forumla for Pigs?

A

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 4/4
(x2) = 32

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6
Q

What is the permanent dental forumla for Pigs?

A

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 4/4 M 3/3
(x2) = 44

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7
Q

What is the foals’s dental forumla for Horse?

A

I 3/3 C 0/0 PM 3/3
(x2) = 24

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8
Q

What is the Mature male’s dental forumla for Horse?

A

I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 3(or 4)/3 M 3/3
(x2) = 40 (- 42)

WT = Wolf Tooth

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9
Q

What is the Mature female’s dental forumla for Horse?

A

I 3/3 C 0/0 PM 3(or 4)/ 3 M 3/3
(x2) = 36 - 40

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10
Q

What is a dental arcade?

A

A series or arches + how the teeth are arranged within the oral cavity

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11
Q

How many dental archades are there in the oral caivity?

A

2

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12
Q

Name the 2 bones that are associated with the 2 dental arcades?

A
  • Top arcade = Maxilla
  • Bottom arcade = Mandible
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13
Q

What is meant by the term Diastema

A

A gap in the teeth between the incisors + cheek teeth

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14
Q

What are Hypsodont teeth?

A

Teeth with:
* Deep roots
* Tall crowns
* No discernable neck
* Straight sides

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15
Q

What are Brachydont teeth?

A

Teeth with:

  • Short roots
  • Short crowns
  • Discernable neck
  • Curved edges
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16
Q

What are Heterodont teeth?

A

Hetero = different

Vairous different types of teeth that have specialised functions

(I, C, PM, M)

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17
Q

“Di-phyo-dont” = ‘DIffyodont’

What are Diphyodont teeth?

A

Di = 2

Describes teeth that go through 2 cycles - deciduous + permanent

Think D for Deciduous

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18
Q

How does poor molar health impact a Ewe?

A

It is detrimental for both lamb + ewe, as they cannot maintain their nutritional health, energy or milk for the lamb

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19
Q

What percentage of male horses have wolf teeth?
+
What percentage of female horses wolf havve teeth?

A
  • Male horses = 15%
  • Female horses = 25%
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20
Q

Where are the Incisors located?
+
What is their function?

A

Located = Front of the mouth
+
Function:
* Biting
* Cutting
* Fine nibbling
* Grooming

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21
Q

Where are the Canines located?
+
What is their function?

A

Located = Between the incisors + premolars
+
Function:
* Grip prey
* Tusks in Pigs
* In male Horses

Note =
* Not present in all species
* In carnivores

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22
Q

Where are the Premolars located?
+
What is their function?

A

Located = Between the canines + molars
+
Function:
* Known as ‘Cheek’ teeth
* Grinding food

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23
Q

Where are the Molars located?
+
What is their function?

A

Located = Back of the mouth + after the premolars
+
Function:
* Grinding food
* Not present in deciduous teeth

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24
Q

What is the function of the wolf teeth in horses?

A
  • No known function!
  • Vestigal teeth
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25
Q

Why are wolf teeth sometimes removed in horses?

A
  • Because they can interfere with the bit
  • Can cut the mouth’s soft tissues, needing filed down
26
Q

How many hours a day do horses typically graze for?

A

18 hrs

27
Q

True or False.

Cheek teeth, otherwise known as premolars, slowly erupt throughout the horses life.

A

True

28
Q

True or False.

Almost the entire hypsodont tooth is covered in rigid enamel.

A

True!

29
Q

What can wear patterns + tooth shape tell you about the horse?

A

Their age

30
Q

When do wolf teeth develop in the horse?

A

From: 18 months > 5 years

31
Q

At what age do cows 1st Incisor erupt?

A

18 - 24 months

32
Q

At what age do cows 2nd Incisor erupt?

A

24 - 30 months

33
Q

At what age do cows 3rd Incisor erupt?

A

36 months

34
Q

At what age do cows 4th Incisor erupt?

A

24 - 48 months

35
Q

Do cows have upper incisors?

A

No

36
Q

What replaces a cow’s deciduous incisors?

A

A Hard pad of tissue, known as a dental pad

37
Q

True or False.

The cow’s **deciduous lower canines **develop into 9 lower incisors.

A

False, they develop into 8!

38
Q

What type of incisors do cows have?

A

Brachydont

39
Q

Do cows have canines?

A

No

40
Q

Do cows cut or break grass?

A

Break!

41
Q

How do cows chew their herbivorous diet?

A

From chewing from side to side (vertically)

42
Q

How many hours do cows graze for?

A

8 - 10 hrs

43
Q

How many hours do cows ruminate for?

A

8 - 10 hrs

44
Q

True or False.

The canine teeth usually appear only in male horses; the canine teeth are usually regressed or absent in mares.

A

True!

45
Q

What type of teeth are the wolf teeth?

A

Small premolars

46
Q

True or False.

The wolf teeth is most commonly seen in the upper jaw, sometimes in the lower jaw + can be unilateral or bilateral.

A

True!

47
Q

How many mm does the occulusal surfaces wear down per year, by mastication, in the Horse?

A

2 - 3 mm

48
Q

True or False.

All teeth grow continually in the horse.

A

True

49
Q

What term is used to describe the horses teeth?

A

Hypsodontal

50
Q

What does Hypsodontal mean?

A

They do not have a layer of enamel over the top or occlusal surface

51
Q

What is the occlusal surface of the tooth?

A

The surface of the tooth that is used for chewing or grinding

52
Q

What happens to hypsodontal teeth over time?

A
  • The enamel + softer dentine provide a effcient grinding surface that wears down with age + use
53
Q

What are the 3 signs of age + use in hypsodontal teeth, in Horses?

A
  1. Marks
  2. Stars
  3. Grooves
54
Q

How can you tell the age of the horse?

A

By the quality of their teeth, due to the marks, stars + grooves of the hypsodontal teeth

55
Q

What 2 types of teeth does ‘cheek teeth’ refer to in the horse?

A
  1. Premolars
  2. Molars
56
Q

How many premolars + molars are there in the horse, in each jaw ?

A

6 premolars + 6 molars

57
Q

At what age do wolf teeth develop in the horse?

A

Between:
18 months > 5 years old

58
Q

Which of the following animals have Hypsodont teeth?

A. Cow
B. Sheep
C. Horse
D. Pig

A

A. Cow
B. Sheep
C. Horse

59
Q

Which of the following animals have Brachydont teeth?

A. Cow
B. Sheep
C. Horse
D. Pig

A

D. Pig

60
Q

Which of the following animals have both Brachydont + Hypsodont teeth and why?
A. Cow
B. Sheep
C. Horse
D. Pig

A

C. Horse
D. Pig
+
* The Horse has canine teeth, the wolf teeth and they are brachydont, whereas the rest are hypsodont
* The Pig has canine teeth, the tusks and they are brachydont, whereas the rest are hypsodont

Large Animal Yr1 (16 decks)

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