Comp Sci Ch 7 Ch 8

Question 1

What is a function?

Answer 1

grouping of statements for repeatedly used operations
- a named list of statements

Question 2

function definition vs call

Answer 2

definition - function’s type, name, parameters and block of statements
call- name and arguments

Question 3

what is a return statement?
and what is void

Answer 3

can return only one
void function does not return

Question 4

what is a parameter? and how does it look

Answer 4

a function input specified in a function definition
type and name

Question 5

what is an argument?

Answer 5

a value provided to a functions parameter during a call

Question 6

what are multiple parameters separated by

Answer 6

comma

Question 7

order in which program should run when declaring functions

Answer 7

declare before main and then call in main (this one better)
OR
declare header (but instead of {, have ;) before main then call in main and then define after main

Question 8

what is modular development?

Answer 8

dividing program into separate modules that can be developed and tested separately and then integrated into one single program

Question 9

what is incremental development?

Answer 9

a process of writing, compiling and testing a small amount of code

Question 10

what is a function stub?

Answer 10

a function definition that statements have not been written
-write the header, braces, and return 0
-because just want it to complie

Question 11

what is unit testing?

Answer 11

process of individually testing a small part or unit of a program

Question 12

what is a test bench?

Answer 12

test harness
a separate program whose purpose is to check that a function returns

Question 13

what is a test vector?

Answer 13

each unique set of input values

Question 14

how would you use a test vector?

Answer 14

cout what you are testing, what you expect and what you got by calling function with literals to test

Question 15

what predefined function can you use to test a function what does it do and what do you have to include

Answer 15

include <cassert></cassert>

assert( functionName(literal arguments) == what you should get)
- it exits program if input expression is false and tell you the line and expression

Question 16

what is the one function you will never call

Answer 16

main

Question 17

difference between type functions and void

Answer 17

types return a value
void functions cout or update values but do not return

Question 18

a variable you declare in a function…

Answer 18

does not exist outside that function

Question 19

what is the common method to swap variables

Answer 19

temp variable

Question 20

what is scope?

Answer 20

the name of a defined variable or function item is only visible to a part of a program

Question 21

what is a global variable? and why should we use very little

Answer 21

variable declared outside any function and reaches into functions
- because of naming and updates so it is limited to const variables

Question 22

what is a preprocessor

Answer 22

a tool that scans the file top to bottom looking for any lines that begin with #

Question 23

what is # called

Answer 23

hash symbol

Question 24

what does a line with # do

Answer 24

directs preprocessor to modify the file in some way before compilation continues

Question 25

what is #include called?

Answer 25

preprocessor directive
- directs compiler to replace that line by the contents of the given file name

Question 26

including a file with “” vs <>

Answer 26

””- preprocessor to look for the file in some directory/folder as the including file
<>- looks in the system’s standard library folder/directory

Question 27

adding .h to the back of a file name under “” does..

Answer 27

any file that will be included in another file

Question 28

what is a stack frame?

Answer 28

each function creates a new set of local variable

Question 29

what does a return do to local variables

Answer 29

discards them

Question 30

what is a parameter

Answer 30

into that a functions needs to do its job and tends to get it from another function

Question 31

how can we share info between main and other functions

Answer 31

with parameters

Question 32

what is a pass by value parameter

Answer 32

communicates from other function a value or piece of data
- can communicate into but not out (needs a return)
- only allows one piece of into to exit out

Question 33

what is a pass by reference parameter?

Answer 33

communicates info regarding the location of a piece of data
-passes in the memory address of where info it so that function can go find it
- both in and out of function

Question 34

what is a const pass by reference parameter

Answer 34

• still shares location but is limited to only read
• just read only to that function that has it as a const parameter

Question 35

we are default to what parameter except when..

Answer 35

pass by value except when:
1- need to communicate more than one piece of info to the calling function…returning more than one
2- if parameter is large data type ( string or vector of 10 elements or more)

Question 36

what is the main difference between pass by value and reference parameters

Answer 36

value - passes in a value and
needs a return statement
reference- passes in a location address and do not need a return statement because retuning more than one ( so use void functions)

Question 37

what type of function can use reference parameters

Answer 37

void because these do not return

Question 38

how a void function with a reference parameter works and is called

Answer 38

call 1st to update values
then output the arguments that correspond to the reference parameters

Question 39

simple steps to make a function

Answer 39

1. what type needs to be returned
2. meaningful name
3. figure out parameters - what does function need from main (or the calling function)
4. ask if need pass by reference parameters - based on how many to return or if a large data type
5. body and return (if applicable)
6. call it - void with no cout, later cout the arguments called that correspond to the reference parameters - return type, with cout

Question 40

how to call a function with reference parameters

Answer 40

you only need the & in the definition function
- when calling put the variables you created in the call
- then cout those variables that correspond to the reference ones in the function