Comp Quiz #1 Flashcards
1
Q
__ tube is Inserted through a nostril, down back of throat and extends into stomach
Commonly used for short-term liquid feeding, medication administration, or gas removal from stomach
Can inhibit a cough and be irritating for patient
A
Nasogastric Tube (NG Tube)
2
Q
__ Tube Inserted via small incision in the abdomen into the stomach
Can be used for long-term feeding when pt has difficulty with swallowing or risk of aspiration
A
Gastric Tube (G Tube)
3
Q
__ tube Inserted through endoscopy into jejunum via abdominal wall
Can be used for long-term feeding
A
Jejunostomy Tube (J Tube)
4
Q
__ system Used to infuse fluids, electrolytes, nutrients and medications
Inserted into superficial veins: basilica, cephalic, antecubital
Used when the gastrointestinal tract is not able to digest or absorb food
A
Intravenous feeding system (IV Feeding)
5
Q
__ line Used to measure blood pressure or obtain blood samples
Considered more accurate than traditional BP techniques
A
Arterial Line (a line)
6
Q
IF an A-line Is displaced, PT should__ and __
A
apply direct pressure and call for assistance
7
Q
__ line Used to measure pressures in the right atrium or superior vena cava via indwelling venous catheter and pressure manometer
Used to evaluate right ventricular function, right atrial filing pressure, and circulating blood volume
A
central line
8
Q
__ line Inserted through cephalic or internal jugular vein and treaded into superior vena cava or right atrium
Used for long-term administration of substances into the venous system like chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, antibiotics
A
Hickman Line (Indwelling Right Atrial Catheter)
9
Q
__ Used to measure the pressure exerted against the skull
Sensing devices placed inside the skull
May be needed following closed head injury, cerebral hemorrhage, overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid, or brain tumor
A
Intracranial Pressure Catheter
10
Q
__ Inserted through a vein into pulmonary artery
Used to provide continuous measurements of pulmonary artery pressure
Pt should avoid excessive movement of head, neck and extremities
A
Swan-Ganz (pulmonary artery catheter)
11
Q
Nasal Cannula is capable of delivering up to __ L of O2 per minute
A
6 L of O2 per min
12
Q
Oxygen mask that Designed to cover nose and mouth
Used to deliver O2 therapy, medications, mucolytic detergents, or humidity
A
Oronasal mask
13
Q
oxygen mask Placed over stoma or tracheostomy
A
tracheostomy mask or catheter
14
Q
__ devices The overall purpose is to relieve excessive pressure away from the internal abdominal area due to inflammation, cancer, trauma, etc.
A
Ostomy devices
15
Q
__ is a pain control device Chronic low back
May be surgically implanted if needed
A
Epidural Catheter
16
Q
__ is a pain control device administers a dose every 4 hours or so
A
PCA Pump (patient controlled analgesia)
17
Q
__ catheter is condom like flexible sheath that fits over the penis to drain urine into a collection bag
for men with moderate to severe urinary incontinence
A
external urinary catheter
18
Q
__ catheter a tube inserted through the urethra into the bladder that drains into a collection bag. held into place by an inflated cuff.
used for urinary incontinence and retention; to assist with post-op bladder drainage
A
Foley Urinary Catheter
19
Q
__ catheter placed in the bladder through surgical incision in the lower abdominal wall. secured to abdominal wall with sutures.
Drains bladder after bladder or gynecologic surgeries. Used to drain bladder in cases of complete blocked urethra, and management of long-term urinary incontinence
A
suprapubic urinary catheter
20
Q
__ is used to understand what motivates people; one must satisfy __ level needs before progressing on to meet __ level growth needs
A
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
lower –> higher
21
Q
Maslows level __
air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sex, sleep.
A
physiological needs (low)
22
Q
Maslow’s level __ protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.
A
safety needs
23
Q
Maslow’s level __ friendship, intimacy, affection and love, - from work group, family, friends, romantic relationships.
A
Social Needs
24
Q
Maslow’s level __ achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, self-respect, respect from others.
A
Esteem Needs
25
Maslow's level __ realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.
Self-actualization needs (highest)
26
Which disablement model?
| Active Pathology --> Impairment --> Functional limitation--> Disability
Nagi Model
27
Which disablement model?
| Disease - impairment - disability - handicap
WHO Classification
28
Which disablement model?
| funciton - structure- activity and participation restriction - environmental factors
ICF model
29
__ is not included in Nagi's model?
handicap
30
__ Result of a medically definable condition that limits a person’s movements, senses, or activities.
disability
31
a __ can be defined as the social disadvantage attached to having a disease, impairment, functional limitation, or disability. …Physical therapists are deeply concerned with eliminating social attitudes that cause some persons to be handicapped”
In lay terms . . .a barrier or a circumstance that makes progress or success difficult
handicap
32
ICF is named as it is because of its stress is on __ and __, rather than on disability.
health and function
33
__ defined as disease, disorder, or condition
PATHOLOGY
34
__ is defined as loss or abnormality of physiological, psychological, or anatomical structure or function.
impairment
35
__ is is defined as restriction of the ability to perform—at the level of the whole person—a physical action, activity, or task in an efficient, typically expected, or competent manner.
functional limitation
36
__ is defined as the inability to engage in age-specific, gender-related, or sex-specific roles in a particular social context and physical environment.
disability
37
the IDEA is a __ statue
federal
38
the purpose of __ is to establish the right of disabled children to free public education regardless of parents’ financial means
IDEA (individuals with disabilities act)
39
IDEA is for children between ages __ to __
3-22
40
IDEA School districts are required to provide support related services to disabled children
4
Transportation
Assistive technology devices
Medical, psychological, physical and occupational therapy
Audiology and speech-language evaluative services
41
PT help establish __ for students. these Services are provided to children with developmental delays or infants/toddlers “at risk” for developing delays
EIP early intervention programs
42
Worker's compensations mandatory statues in all 50 states (3)
Income continuation
Payment of medical and rehabilitation expenses
2 questions…was the employee injured on the job and the degree of resultant disability
43
purpose of workers comp?
provide health care for individuals injured on the job
44
__ only contribute to the fund of worker's comp
employers
45
__ Slower mental and physical activity
| Desire to withdraw
depression
46
__ Constantly active
Impulses immediately expressed
Disagreement with pt may produced pt aggression
mania
47
__ Alternating periods of depression and mania
| Females at greater risk
bipolar
48
__ Persistent thoughts that will not leave
Repetitive ritual behaviors the pt can’t stop performing
Interfere with daily living
obsessive-compulsive
49
__ Constant high tension Apprehension and chronic worry
anxiety
50
__ Excessive fear of objects, occurrences, or situations
| May develop from traumatic experiences, observation, classical conditioning
phobia
51
__ Includes two or more independent personalities
| Each personality may or may not know about the others
Multiple Personality
52
__ disorder: Physical complaints of neurological basis with no underlying cause
Paralysis is the most common
conversion disorder
53
__ disorders: Complaints of symptoms with no physiological basis
somatization
54
__ disorders: Excessive fear of illness
hypochondriasis
55
Schizophrenia Disorders: __ Delusions of grandeur or persecution
May believe they possess special powers
paranoid
56
Schizophrenia Disorders: __ Motor disturbances with rigid posturing
CATATONIC
57
Schizophrenia Disorders: Inappropriate emotional responses
Mumbled talking
progressive
Disorganized
58
_ personality Poor sense of responsibility
No respect for others, little guilt or remorse for actions
High frustration
psychopathic personality
59
__ behavior: Blames others for their actions
| Violates rights of others, lacks responsibility and emotional stability
antisocial behavior
60
__ behavior Incapable of loving others
| self-absorbed, obsessed with success and power, unrealistic perception of self-importance
narcissistic behavior
61
__ behavior: Instability in all aspects of life
borderline behavior
62
__ act Established new content and academic achievement standards for public schools
Mandates periodic standardized assessment of progress for all students
Especially at-risk and disabled students
Requires supplemental educational services (tutoring) for struggling low-income students
No child left behind act
63
__ act's purpose was establishing a clear and comprehensive prohibition of discrimination on the basis of disability”
ADA act
64
__ a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity
disability
65
____ any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomic loss affecting one or more of the body system
physical or mental impairment
66
__ making modifications at the job site or workplace that enable a person with disabilities to easily perform a specific job
reasonable accommodation
67
__ an action necessary to provide reasonable accommodations that would cause the employer/owner significant difficulty or expense
undue burden
68
a person who can perform the essential functions of a given job/activity with/without the benefit of reasonable accommodations
qualified individual with a disability
69
__ examples include an employer, employment agency, labor organization, state/local government
covered entity
70
__ a physical or attitudinal constraint that is imposed on a person, regardless of whether the person has an impairment, that places the person at a disadvantage
handicap
71
The __ oversees issues and interprets regulations
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
72
What are the 5 titles of the ADA?
1. Employment
2. Transportation
3. Public Accommodations and Services
4. Telecommunications
5. Miscellaneous
73
Maximum sloe pf a ramp in new construction shall be? rise:run
1: 12
| 1" rise to 12" run
74
The minimum clear width of a ramp shall be __
36 inches
75
inches is the minimum width needed for an ambulatory person to pass a non-ambulatory or semi-ambulatory person. (to allow a person to walk past a person in a wheelchair, ramps should be ___ feet wide)
(notes) are Wheelchair-Ramps Inc. clarifications of the guidelines.
48"
| 4ft
76
Door width __ minimum but __ preferred
32" min
| 36" preferred
77
Bathroom ADA:
grab bar length on side?
grab bar behind toliet?
```
bar = 42" min
behind = 36" min
```
78
Doorway
min __ width
max __ depth
width: 32
depth: 24 inches
79
Threshold
SD:
80
carpet requires __ inch pile or less
1/2 inch
81
hall way clearance __ width
36 inch
82
Wheelchair turning radius __ width; __ length
60" w
| 78" length
83
forward reach in wheelchair
| low and high
low: 15"
high: 48"
84
side reach in wheel chair
reach over obstruction to 24 niches
85
bathroom sink not less than__ in height;
not greater than __ from floor to bottom of mirror or paper dispenser;
__ minimum depht under sink to back wall
29"
40"
17"
86
__Wheel Drive Bases: fixed drive wheels in rear and casters in front ((when turning front moves first)
rear wheel drive bases
87
__ Wheel Drive Bases: fixed drive wheels in center and small casters in front and rear of the chair, most common (turns from center)
center wheel drive bases
88
__Wheel Drive Bases: fixed drive wheels in the front and casters in the rear (when turning back moves first)
front wheel drive bases
89
__ frame: patient is high active with no need for postural supports used for sports
ultralight frame
90
__ frame: patient is able to self propel using both UE; adequate LE ROM and sitting ability for comfortable seating
standard or lightweight frame
91
__ frame: patient is able to self propel using LE's
hemi frame
92
__ frame: patient is able to self propel using 1 UE
one-hand drive frame
93
__ frame: pt is able to self propel, but center of gravity is shifted posterior due to amputation
amputee frame
94
__ wheel chair: patient is not able to self propel, but is able to safely operate a power mobility device; patient may have transfer, sitting and or UE functional limitations
power w/c
95
__ chair" patinet is not able to self propel or safely operate a power mobility device; requires assistance for seated mobility
geri chair
96
_ frame: patient is unable to preform weight shifting tasks and/or is unable to sit upright for extended periods, moderate to severe trunk involvement
reclining frame
97
__ frame: patient is unable to sit upright or perform weight shifts, but also has issues with sliding or extensor tone
backward til-in-space frame
98
w/c seat types (4)
sling seat
solid
cushions
molded
99
Sling seat: hips tend to__. Thigh tends to __ and __.
| Reinforces __ position
slide forward
adduct and IR
poor pelvic position (PPT)
100
Solid seat provides __ pelvic position. Reduces tendency for patient to __ or sit with __
neutral Pelvic.
| slide forward or PPT
101
types of seat cushions? 3
Pressure-relieving contoured foam
Pressure-relieving fluid/gel or combination cushion (fluid/gel plus foam)
Pressure-relieving air cushion
102
PRessure relieving __ Dense, layered foam
Accommodates moderate to severe postural deformity
Easy to reposition patient
Low maintenance
May interfere with slide transfers
Pressure-relieving contoured foam:
103
PRessure relieveing __ Can be custom-molded
Accommodates moderate to severe postural deformity
Easy to reposition patient
Requires some maintenance
Heavier
More expensive
Pressure-relieving fluid/gel or combination cushion (fluid/gel plus foam):
104
```
PRessure relieving __ Accommodates moderate to severe postural deformity
Lightweight
Improved pressure distribution
Expensive
Base may be unstable for some patients
Requires continuous maintenance
```
Pressure-relieving air cushion:
105
__ seat not typically intended for long term use, pt requires no postural support.
sling
106
__ seat: pt has not seated deformity
planar
107
__ seat: not typically intended for long term use, pt requires no postural support.
curved
108
__ seat pt requires customized seat support to correct for pelvic obliquity or a fixed asymmetrical deformity. (seen more with younger kids)
custom molded
109
__ seat: wc must be able to fold
removable seat insert
110
__ seat: undercut) front edge of seat: pt self-propels using LE’s.
beveled
111
Back height __ inferior angle of scapula: pt able to self propel and has good trunk control.
below
112
Back height __ inferior angle of scapula: pt either able to self propel but requires some spinal support or uses a power wc with or without poor trunk control
above
113
Forward axle relative to COG:
__ stable
__ propulsion efficiency
__ RR
less
increased
decreased
114
Posterior axle relative to COG:
__ stable
__ propulsion efficiency
__ RR
more
less
increased
115
Elevating Leg rest: indicated with LE edema, postural support, contraindicated for pts with
knee flexor hypertonicity or tightness
116
Arm rest types (5)
```
Full length
Desk
Fixed height
Adjustable-height
Removable
```
117
__ back: Elevating: indicated with LE edema, postural support, contraindicated for pts with
reclining back
118
__ w/c:motorized, entire seat and back may be tipped backward with normal seat to back angle maintained; indicated for pts with extensor spasms or for pressure relief.
tilt in space
119
__ device: Device: mechanical brake that allows chair to go forward, but automatically brakes when chair goes in reverse. Useful for pts who are unable to ascend long ramp or hill without rest.
hill-holder device
120
Traction indications: 12
```
Disk herniation or degeneration
Joint hypomobility
Muscle guarding
Muscle spasm (meniscoid blocking)
Narrowing of intervertebral foramen
Nerve root impingement
Osteophyte formation
Joint disease
Spinal ligament and other connective tissue contractures
Subacute joint inflammation
Subacute & chronic pain
Discogenic pain
```
121
Traction precautions: 7
Claustrophobia
Pressure of belts is hazardous: Hiatal hernia, pregnancy, vascular compromise, osteoporosis
Impaired cognition
Displaced annular fragment
Medial disc protrusion
Inability to tolerate prone or supine positions
TMJ with use of halter
122
Traction Contraindications: 10
```
Where motion is contraindicated
Acute injury or inflammation
Joint hypermobility or instability
Peripheralization of symptoms with traction
Uncontrolled hypertension
Spinal tumors and infection
Spondylolisthesis
Vertebral artery syndrome
Very young and very old
Osteoporosis (moderate to high levels)
```
123
lumbar traction: force, hold/relax, time
1. acute phase
2. joint distraction
3. decrease muscle spasm
4. disc problems or stretch soft tissue
1. 29-44lb; static; 5-10 min
2. 50% BW; 15/15; 20-30min
3. 25% BW; 5/5; 20-30 min
4. 25% of BW; 60/20; 20-30min
124
cervical traction: force, hold/relax, time
1. acute phase
2. joint distraction
3. decrease muscle spasm
4. disc problems or stretch soft tissue
1. 7-9 lbs; static; 5-10 min
2. 7% BW; 15/15; 20-30 min
3. 11-15#; 5/5; 20-30min
4. 11-15#; 60/20; 20-30 min
125
Lumbar spine __% of pt body weight required to cause separation
50%
126
Cervical region requires __%of body weight or about __lbs
7% or 20-30 lbs
127
Reduction of disk protrusion: lumbar region __% of body weight, __lbs in cervical.
50%
| 12-15 lbs
128
Soft tissue stretching & mm relaxation: lumbar __% of body weight, cervical __lbs.
25%
| 12-15#
129
Joint mobilization low force __ traction.
intermittent
130
CERVICAL: Intermittent can also be used for disk and jnt distraction with __ hold/rest.
Intermittent __ ratio when mobility is desired/jnt mobilization.
3: 1
1: 1
131
LUMBAR: Intermittent can also be used for disk and jnt distraction with __hold/rest.
Intermittent__ ratio when mobility is desired/jnt mobilization.
3: 1
1: 1
132
```
Static vs. intermittent?
Symptoms caused by jnt dysfunction
Disk protrusion (longer hold time)
Muscle spasms
```
intermittent
133
Static vs. intermittent?
Inflammation
Symptoms aggravated by motion
Disk protrusion
static
134
Upper cervical: __ degrees of flexion.1 C1-C52
Midcervical: __ degrees of flexion.1
Lower cervical: __ degrees of flexion.1 25-30 degrees for C5-C72
0-5 degrees
10-20 degrees
25-35 degrees
135
LUMBAR:
Supine greater separation of __ structures.
Prone for greater separation of __ structures and disk protrusions/herniations
posterior
| anterior
136
Increase intervertebral space at L5-S1 up to __ degrees of hip flexion.
L3-L4 up to __ degrees of hip flexion
45-60 degrees
| 75-90degrees
137
indications for intermittent compression: 12
```
Edema
Hypertrophic scarring
Lymphedema
New residual limb
Risk for deep vein thrombosis
Stasis Ulcers
Amputations
Decrease chronic edema
Post mastectomy lymphedema
Stasis ulcer
Venous insufficiency
Subacute injuries
```
138
Contraindications for compression? 20
```
Acute inflammation, trauma or fx
Acute DVT and thrombophlebitis
Obstructed lymph or venous return
Arterial disease/insufficiency
Arterial revascularization
Acute pulmonary edema
Diminished sensation
Cancer
Edema with cardiac or renal impairment
Impaired cognition
Infection in treatment area
Hypoproteinemia (
```
139
__ Designed to outline a person's wishes and preferences in regard to medical treatments and interventions.
When a patient is incapable of making his/her own medical decisions, a health-care proxy can act on the patient's behalf to make decisions consistent with and based on the patient's stated will.
Are important documents that should be included with each individual's personal medical records. Generally fall into three categories: living will, power of attorney, and health-care proxy.
advanced directives
140
__ written document that specifies what types of medical treatment are desired should the individual become incapacitated. Can be general or very specific.
living will
141
More specific living wills may include information regarding an individual's desire for such services such as
analgesia
antibiotics,
artificial (intravenous or IV) hydration,
artificial feeding (feeding tube),
CPR life-support equipment including ventilators, and
do not resuscitate (DNR).
142
_ Legal document in which an person designates another person to make health-care decisions if he or she is rendered incapable of making his/her wishes known.
health-care proxy
143
_ Allows an individual to make bank transactions, sign social security checks, apply for disability, or simply write checks to pay the utility bill while an individual is medically incapacitated.
durable power of attorney
144
__ statistics: Describe the data collected
Summarize numerical details about a phenomenon of interest
Focus areas include incidence and prevalence of disease or disorder, characteristics of individuals with the problem and associated diagnostic and intervention utilization rates.
descriptive statistics
145
__ the amount of variability in a data set expressed as a proportion of the mean
coefficient of variation
146
__ the magnitude of the difference between two mean values may be standardized by dividing this difference by the pooled standard deviation to compare effects measured by diff scales
effect size
147
__ the number of times a phenomenon or characteristic occurs
frequency
148
__ a measure of the spread from one percentile division point to the next; may be used to indicate the variability around the median
inter-percentile range
149
__ a measure that classified objects or characteristics to rank order with a known equal distance between categories but that lacks a known zero point
interval
150
__ a measure that classifies objects or characteristics but that lacks rank order and a known equal distance between categories
nominal
151
__ a measure that classifies objects or characteristics in rank order but that lack known distance between categories; may or may not have natural zero point
ordinal
152
__ division point in the data, such as quartiles or tertiles, that are used to identify where a certain % of the scores lie
percentiles
153
__a measure that classifies objects or characteristics in rank order with known equal distance between categories and a known zero point
ratio
154
__ a distortion of the normal bell curve that occurs as the result of extreme scores in the data set
skew
155
__ the average absolute distance of scores from the mean score of a data set
standard deviation
156
__ the standard deviation of the diff between individual data points and the regression line through them
Standard error of estimate
157
__ an estimate of the SD of the population of interest; indicates the degree of error associated with repeated samples from the population
standard error of mean
158
__ the SD of measurement errors; obtained form repeated measures
standard error of measurement
159
__ statistics: Help determine how likely the results of a study of a sample can be generalized to the whole population.2 (pg 489)
Estimates of population characteristics based on data from the subjects available for study.3 (pg 181)
inferential stats
160
__ a threshold set by researchers used to determine if an observed relationship or difference between variables is real or the result of chance
alpha level
161
__ the degree to which the chance of a positive outcome is increased as a result of an intervention; can be calculated in absolute or relative terms
benefit increase
162
__ the probability that a statistical finding occurred due to chance
p value
163
__ the proportion of individuals with the condition of interest that have a positive test result. "true positive"
sensitivity
164
__ the proportion of individuals without the condition of interest who have a negative test result. "true negatives"
specificity
165
Type __ error: result from statistical test that indicates a significant relationship or difference exists when one does not exist (false positive)
type I error
166
Type __ error: result from statistical test that indicates a significant relationship or difference does not exists when in fact one exists
Type II error
167
which test? to answer if there is a relationship between 2 variables (ration or interval)
Pearson Produce Moment
168
what test? to answer the question is there a relationship between 3 or more variables?
multiple correlation
169
Is there a difference between the two groups?
independent t test
170
is there a difference within the same group?
paired T-test
171
to answer the question is there a difference between to or more groups?
ANOVA
172
compares frequencies of the variables
chi-squared
173
__ graph used to show the magnitude or frequency of categories of the data. Data in each category are represented by vertical bars, with length of bars proportional to the magnitude or frequency of a vertical y-axix
bar graph
174
__ Illustrates the distribution of values within a group through five numbers: minimum score, lower quartile, median, upper quartile and maximum score. Outliers are shown as circles.
box and whisker plot
175
__Graphical display of data using dots.
dot plot
176
__ It shows what elements are involved in the project from start to finish, where the production is supposed to be what point of time, and if the project is on schedule on or not.
gantt chart
177
__Graphical display of a frequency distribution.
Displays the distribution of data by plotting the frequency (count or %) of observations (y-axis) for each interval represented on the x-axis.
histogram
178
__graph Demonstrates the relationship between two or more quanitative variable. Usually have dependent variable on y-axis and independent on x-axis.
Shows trends in data over time.
line graph
179
__ is a circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice (and consequently its central angle and area), is proportional to the quantity it represents.
pie chart
180
__ Graphical display that illustrates the relationship between two quantitative variables. Each paired (x,y) value is plotted on the graph as a singe point. Line of best fit generated mathematically may be fitted to the data to show the relationship among the variables.
scatter plot
