Communities

Question 1

What is a community?

Answer 1

A group of species living together in the same area and time. They may or may not interact

Question 2

Niche

Answer 2

The portion of an environment that a species uses

Question 3

Physical parameters of niches

Answer 3

Temperature range, may need certain foods, may need certain nutrients

Question 4

Fundamental Niche

Answer 4

The actual limits of what a species needs due to the species’ physiological and phyical make-up would allow a larger niche if there were no other species in the community. (The ideal)

Question 5

Ecological Niche

Answer 5

Because other species in the community exist, using resources, the part of the environment used by a species may be less than ideal

Question 6

Mutualism

Answer 6

Two species recieve benefits

Question 7

Predation/Parasite

Answer 7

Positive impact on one species, negative impact for the other

Question 8

Competition

Answer 8

Both species are negatively impacted

Question 9

Amensalism

Answer 9

No impact on one species, negative impact on another species

Question 10

Commensalism

Answer 10

No impact on one species, positive imapct on the other

Question 11

Principle of Competitive Exclusion

Answer 11

No two species that are ecologically identicial can coexist for long

Question 12

Law of Limiting Factors

Answer 12

growth is controlled not by the total ammount of resources, but by the scarcest resource

Question 13

Interspecific Competition

Answer 13

Competition between individuals of different species

Question 14

Intraspecific Competition

Answer 14

Competition between individuals of the same species

Question 15

Contest Competition

Answer 15

One species blocks the other from getting to a resource

Question 16

Scramble Competition

Answer 16

Species have to share resources, but there is no way one individual can limit the resources

Question 17

___ was assigned a large role in explaning ecological patterns

Answer 17

competition

Question 18

How do species coexist in the face of competition?

Answer 18

Spatial heterogenity (niche partitioning)

Question 19

An example of niche partitioning

Answer 19

MacArthur’s warblers (in New England, north of Boston) neotropical birds

Question 20

Warblers partition resources across ____

Answer 20

space

Question 21

Can resources partition resources accross time?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Character displacement

Answer 22

changes in phenotype (often feeding structures) to be able to better access different sets of resources

Question 23

Adaptive radiation is driven by

Answer 23

competition for limited resources

Question 24

Evolutionary responses to competition

Answer 24

Anoles in the Greater Antilles Islands. Different shape and structures to better exploit parts of the habitat

Question 25

Types of Antilles Anoles

Answer 25

Crown-giant, trunk-crown, trunk, trunk-ground, grass-brush

Question 26

Suspended sediments impacted the size of ___

Answer 26

gill rakers

Question 27

What did Dunham test with lizards?

Answer 27

Competition-exclusion experiment

Question 28

Where were Dunham’s lizards located?

Answer 28

Big Bend National Park

Question 29

Data measured in Dunham’s lizards

Answer 29

Density, growth rate, body mass, lipid levels, survival,

Question 30

What did Dunham predict?

Answer 30

if competition is important than these values should be lower in plots with both species

Question 31

Only in dry years, Dunham’s hypothesis was ____

Answer 31

true